Gambaran Klinis Telinga Hidung Tenggorokan Pasien SARS CoV-2 di RSUD Dr. Moewardi

Dewi Pratiwi, Hadi Sudrajad, Sarwastuti Hendradewi, Made Setiamika, Putu Wijaya Kandhi, Novi Primadewi, Vicky Eko Nurcahyo Hariyadi, Adisetya Wicaksono, Marisa Rizqiana Dewi

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: COVID-19 merupakan infeksi yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2. Prevalensi kasus COVID-19 di Indonesia pada akhir tahun 2020 mencapai 750.000 kasus dan terus meningkat hingga saat ini. Manifestasi klinis yang dialami oleh pasien COVID-19 cukup beragam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran klinis telinga hidung tenggorokan (THT) pasien SARS CoV-2 di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.

Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional melibatkan 316 pasien terkonfirmasi SARS-CoV-2 positif di RSUD Dr. Moewardi, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah selama April sampai Juni 2021. Dilakukan pemeriksaan PCR untuk melihat status infeksi SARS-CoV-2 dan anamnesis untuk melihat gambaran klinis telinga hidung tenggorokan pasien menggunakan kuesioner. Data univariat dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi.

Hasil: Secara umum, distribusi empat gejala THT terbanyak pada pasien terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 berturut-turut adalah nyeri tenggorok (21.52%), hilang penciuman (11.71%), hilang rasa pengecapan (10.44%), dan hidung tersumbat (9.18%). Gejala non-THT yang terbanyak ditemukan meliputi demam (73.73%) dan batuk (57.91%). Keempat gejala THT terbanyak tersebut juga ditemukan pada usia 15-64 tahun, kecuali pada usia ≥65 tahun dimana gejala sakit kepala (3.17%) merupakan gejala terbanyak kedua setelah nyeri tenggorok. Tidak ditemukan gejala hidung tersumbat pada usia ≥65 tahun. Gejala THT terbanyak pada pasien pria terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 berturut-turut adalah nyeri tenggorok (9.82%), hilang penciuman (4.75%), hidung tersumbat (4.44%), dan hilang pengecapan (2.85%). Sementara itu, gejala THT terbanyak pada wanita terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 berturut-turut meliputi nyeri tenggorok (11.07%), hilang pengecapan (7.59%), hilang penciuman (6.96%), dan hidung tersumbat (4.74%).

Kesimpulan: Gambaran klinis telinga hidung tenggorokkan pasien terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 yang paling sering muncul berturut-turut adalah nyeri tenggorok, hilang penciuman, hilang pengecapan, dan hidung tersumbat. Frekuensi gejala ini bervariasi akibat banyak faktor, diantaranya adalah umur dan jenis kelamin.

Keywords

SARS CoV-2; deteksi dini; gejala klinis THT; anosmia; dysgeusia

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/smj.v5i1.54111

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