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Hubungan Anemia pada Ibu Hamil dengan Kejadian Persalinan Prematur di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta
Abstract
Pendahuluan: Persalinan prematur adalah persalinan yang terjadi pada usia kehamilan sebelum 37 minggu. Persalinan prematur disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya yaitu anemia. Anemia dalam kehamilan merupakan masalah yang cukup sering terjadi terutama di negara berkembang. Anemia dalam kehamilan merupakan keadaan dimana nilai Hemoglobin ibu hamil dibawah 11 g/dl. Keadaan ini mengakibatkan penurunan jumlah oksigen yang dibawa ke janin sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya hipoksia pada janin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara anemia pada ibu hamil dengan kejadian persalinan prematur di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan case control, dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-September 2019 di RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien yang mengalami persalinan prematur dan persalinan tidak prematur dalam kurun waktu Juni 2017 sampai dengan Juni 2019 di RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengolah data rekam medis. Pada penelitian dipilih sebanyak 70 sampel penelitian, yang terdiri masing-masing 35 sampel untuk kelompok kasus dan kontrol. Sampel diambil menggunakan purposive sampling. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Korelasi Koefisien Kontingensi Uji Kappa dan uji T-test Tidak Berpasangan.
Hasil: Didapatkan korelasi antara anemia dengan kejadian persalinan prematur bermakna secara statistik. Nilai korelasi sebesar 0,031 menunjukkan korelasi positif dengan kekuatan korelasi yang signifikan dan bermakna secara klinis. Selain itu, didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna dan signifikan antara rata-rata nilai Hemoglobin ibu hamil dengan persalinan prematur dan tidak prematur, dengan nilai p sebesar 0,003.
Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan bermakna secara klinis antara anemia pada ibu hamil dengan kejadian persalinan prematur di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta pada Juni 2017 – Juni 2019.
Background: Premature labor is labor that occurs at gestational age before 37 weeks. Premature labor is caused by various factors, one of which is anemia. Anemia in pregnancy, hemoglobin condition of pregnant women under 11 g / dl which is quite common, especially in developing countries. This situation results in a decrease in the amount of oxygen carried to the fetus, resulting in hypoxia in the fetus and stimulates stress hormones associated with labor induction. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anemia in pregnant women with the incidence of preterm labor in Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.
Methods: This study was analytic observational research with case-control approach, conducted in August-September 2019 at Dr. Moewardi. Research subjects were patients who experienced preterm labor and non-preterm labor in the period June 2017 to June 2019 at the RSUD Dr. Moewardi. The study was conducted by processing medical record data. In this study 70 research samples were chosen, consisting of 35 samples for the case and control groups. Samples were taken using purposive sampling. Data were then analyzed using the Kappa Test Contingency Coefficient Correlation test and the unpaired T-test.
Result: The correlation between anemia and preterm labor was statistically significant. Correlation value (p=0.031) shows a positive correlation with the strength of the correlation that is significant and clinically meaningful. In addition, a significant and significant difference was found between the average hemoglobin value of pregnant women with preterm and non-preterm labor, with a value (p = 0.003).
Conclusion: There is a significant and significant relationship between anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of preterm labor in Dr. Moewardi Surakarta in June 2017 - June 2019, where anemia in pregnant women increases the risk of preterm labor.
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