Pathways to Recognition: Analyzing Customary Land Rights Registration in Kertha Jaya Pendem Village, Bali

Imade Ray Devayuda, Nabilla Desyalika

Abstract

The recognition and registration of customary land in Indonesia go beyond land management; it combines legitimacy from customary law with formal state acknowledgment. This topic has gained prominence with the issuance of Ministerial Regulation ATR/BPN Number 14 of 2024, which strengthens administrative procedures and the registration process for customary lands held by indigenous groups. In Bali, the Padruwen lands of Adat Village are distinctive because their existence depends on the internal mechanisms of the Adat Village, especially the Paruman Desa Adat, which serves as the highest decision-making body. This research examines how recognition by the Traditional Village Assembly shifts land from individual or community control to Traditional Village Padruwen land, and how this process is incorporated into the national land registration system. It uses an empirical legal approach with a sociological perspective and focuses on a single case study in the Traditional Village of Kertha Jaya Pendem, Jembrana, Bali. Primary data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with customary leaders, the Traditional Village Council, local officials, and the Land Office. The data were analyzed qualitatively using legal pluralism theory and validated through source triangulation. The findings show that customary land recognition occurs in two legitimation stages. First, communal legitimation occurs through voluntary land transfer, community consensus, the Traditional Village Assembly (Paruman Desa Adat), and designation as Traditional Village Land (Padruwen Desa Adat). Second, state administration and land registration formalize this legitimation. The study also reveals that in Kertha Jaya Pendem, customary land is not only inherited but also established through “semaya” (community grants) and land purchases driven by communal needs. Therefore, registering customary land acts as a “pathway to recognition,” linking customary legal legitimacy with state legal certainty while respecting the normative authority of indigenous communities.

Keywords

Customary Land Rights; Land Rights Regristration; Legal Recognition.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jolsic.v14i2.118153

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