ADAPTASI FONOLOGIS DAN SEMANTIS KATA SANSKERTA DALAM BAHASA JAWA

Hasan Ashari, Fiska Amanda Mulia

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji adaptasi leksikon Sanskerta dalam bahasa Jawa yang telah berlangsung sejak abad ke-4 M sebagai instrumen agama, sastra, dan otoritas politik. Fokus utama penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi pola sistematis dalam perubahan bunyi dan pergeseran makna yang memungkinkan integrasi bahasa asing tersebut ke dalam sistem lokal. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dengan perspektif linguistik historis, analisis data dilakukan melalui penelusuran etimologis terhadap korpus teks Jawa Kuno dan modern, klasifikasi fonotaktik untuk memetakan transformasi bunyi, serta analisis sinkronis-diakronis untuk mendeteksi evolusi makna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adaptasi fonologis terjadi melalui deaspirasi dan penyederhanaan gugus konsonan guna memenuhi batasan sistem bunyi Jawa (phonological constraints ) . Secara semantis, terjadi “pribumisasi” makna melalui mekanisme penyempitan, perluasan, dan rekontekstualisasi yang selaras dengan realitas sosiokultural masyarakat. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa bahasa Jawa berperan sebagai filter aktif yang melakukan nativisasi terhadap unsur Sanskerta, menjadikannya bagian integral dari identitas linguistik Nusantara yang adaptif hingga saat ini.

Keywords

adaptasi fonologis, adaptasi semantis, Sanskerta, bahasa Jawa, linguistik historis

References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/sabpbj.v10i1.115162

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