Penilaian kesesuaian pemanfaatan ruang melalui mekanisme pernyataan mandiri berdasarkan Rencana Detail Tata Ruang di Kabupaten Pasuruan

Abstract

Pertumbuhan Usaha Mikro dan Kecil (UMK) di Kabupaten Pasuruan meningkat pesat seiring penerapan perizinan berusaha melalui mekanisme pernyataan mandiri (self-declare). Namun, ditemukan pelanggaran pemanfaatan ruang melalui pernyataan mandiri secara nasional sebanyak 815 lokasi usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai kesesuaian izin pemanfaatan ruang melalui pernyataan mandiri terhadap RDTR, mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab ketidaksesuaian, serta merumuskan alternatif solusi terhadap pelanggaran pemanfaatan ruang. Metode yang digunakan adalah mixed method, dengan data dari studi dokumen, survei, dan wawancara. Populasi penelitian adalah pernyataan mandiri yang telah mengajukan KRK tahun 2024 pada wilayah RDTR terintegrasi OSS. Sampel menggunakan metode sampling jenuh, dan informan dipilih secara purposive sampling. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 40 lokasi sampel dan analisis tematik terhadap hasil wawancara. Penelitian menunjukkan ketidaksesuaian terhadap ketentuan penggunaan sebesar 57,5%, terhadap ketentuan intensitas pemanfaatan ruang sebesar 47,5%, terhadap tata bangunan sebesar 77,5%, dan terhadap ketentuan khusus LP2B sebesar 7,5%. Ketidaksesuaian pemanfaatan ruang disebabkan oleh ketidaktepatan jenis usaha dengan peruntukan ruang, ketidakpatuhan terhadap izin, perbedaan peta dasar, kesalahan penetapan zona, keterbatasan PPNS, serta ketiadaan regulasi daerah. Solusi yang diusulkan meliputi sosialisasi penataan ruang, kebijakan satu peta, peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat, dan percepatan penyusunan regulasi pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang. Mekanisme self-declare berpotensi menghasilkan ketidaksesuaian pemanfaatan ruang apabila tidak diikuti pengawasan dan verifikasi yang memadai.

Assessment of spatial compliance through self-declaration mechanisms based on the detailed spatial plan in Pasuruan Regency

The rapid growth of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Pasuruan Regency has been driven by the implementation of business licensing facilitation through a self-declaration mechanism. However, 815 cases of spatial utilization violations associated with self-declaration mechanisms have been identified nationwide. This study aims to assess the conformity of spatial utilization permits issued through self-declaration mechanisms with the Detailed Spatial Plan (RDTR), identify the factors contributing to non-compliance, and formulate alternative solutions to address spatial utilization violations. The study employed a mixed-method approach using data obtained from document reviews, field surveys, and stakeholder interviews. The research population consisted of self-declaration applications that had obtained Spatial Utilization Suitability Approval (KRK) in 2024 within RDTR areas integrated with the Online Single Submission (OSS) system. Samples were selected using a saturated sampling technique, while informants were chosen through purposive sampling. The analysis was conducted on 40 sample locations and complemented by thematic analysis of interview results. The findings indicate non-compliance with land-use provisions in 57.5% of cases, spatial intensity regulations in 47.5%, building regulations in 77.5%, and specific Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B) provisions in 7.5%. These non-compliances were caused by mismatches between business activities and designated land-use functions, non-adherence to permit requirements, discrepancies in base maps, zoning designation errors, limited capacity of Civil Servant Investigators (PPNS), and the absence of supporting local regulations. Proposed solutions include spatial planning awareness programs, implementation of the One Map Policy, enhancement of community participation, and acceleration of spatial utilization control regulations. The study concludes that self-declaration mechanisms may lead to spatial utilization non-compliance if they are not supported by adequate supervision and verification procedures.