THE EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS ABOUT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ON PROMISCUOUS ATTITUDE IN STUDENTS AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 2 GAMPING, SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA

Background: Teenagers are the next generation who can shape the nation in a better direction and have far-sighted thinking that can benefit themselves, their families, and the surrounding environment. In the same word, teenagers who are still unstable tend to experience lower self-control and self-awareness than adults. Teenagers must understand promiscuity because it can have bad consequences for the growth and development of children as well as teenagers. The study aimed at knowing the effect of educational videos on reproductive health on promiscuous attitude in students at SMP (Junior High School) Muhammadiyah


INTRODUCTION
Free sexual behavior is a social issue and phenomenon often encountered within society.The shift in norms of good and bad, right and wrong, especially in the context of sexuality, is becoming increasingly apparent.In adolescent groups, casual sexual behavior is increasingly considered normative and no longer a taboo as it was before 1 .
Copyright © 2024, Placentum: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan dan Aplikasinya, ISSN 2303-3746, e ISSN 2620-9969 Surveys from several developing countries in 2017, such as Liberia, showed that 46% of adolescent girls and 66.2% of adolescent boys had engaged in sexual activity between the ages of 14 and 17.In Nigeria, 38% of adolescent girls and 57.3% of adolescent boys aged 15 to 19 had engaged in sexual relationships 2 .The World Health Organization (WHO) states that 33% of adolescents in Indonesia are involved in sexual relationships.Meanwhile, research conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia indicates that 58% engage in penetration between the ages of 18-21.Additionally, adolescents engage in abortions at a rate of 2.3 million cases per year 3 .
The Yogyakarta Health Department recorded that in 2015, there were 1,078 school-aged teenagers who gave birth.Out of that total, 976 were pregnancies outside of marriage.Both regencies and cities in Yogyakarta had evenly distributed rates of extramarital pregnancies.In Bantul Regency, 28% of cases; Yogyakarta City, 23% of cases; Sleman Regency, 23% of cases; Gunung Kidul Regency, 15% of cases; and Kulon Progo Regency, 11% of cases 4 .
Casual sexual behavior needs to be understood, especially by the younger generation.It can have adverse effects on the growth and development of children and adolescents.Not only does casual behavior affect oneself, but it can also harm those around and is often linked to juvenile delinquency.Casual behavior is often uncontrolled and can lead children into negative situations 5 .
The impact of casual behavior includes pregnancies outside of marriage and reproductive health problems.Unplanned pregnancies occur due to a lack of knowledge about sex-related issues.Adolescents engage in casual sex without considering the consequences.Casual sex can result in pregnancies outside of marriage, leading to early marriages.Unplanned pregnancies have several adverse effects on adolescent girls because pregnancies under the age of 17 increase the risk of complications for both the mother and the child.Early pregnancies are associated with maternal and infant mortality and morbidity, such as hyperemesis, anemia, low birth weight (LBW), and can contribute to increased maternal mortality rate (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR) 6 .
Furthermore, casual sexual behavior also leads to reproductive health problems that are currently prevalent, particularly the emergence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS).Until now, there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, and it can give rise to other reproductive health issues such as infertility or even lead to death 7 .
Prevention or resolution of existing casual behavior can be achieved by instilling religious, moral, and ethical values starting from the family environment, schools, communities, up to the national level.Imposing appropriate punishments for violations and organizing religious and positive activities can keep adolescents engaged in positive pursuits 8 .
The use of educational video media in providing health education, especially reproductive health, is very engaging and easily understood.This can influence the improvement of knowledge and attitudes towards casual sex.After receiving health education through video educational media on reproductive health regarding the impacts of casual sex, adolescents' curiosity, especially about casual sex, will decrease, and they can avoid unclear and unreliable information 9 .
A preliminary study conducted by the researcher at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Gamping Sleman Yogyakarta on October 26, 2022, involved direct interviews with the school principal.It was found that reproductive healthrelated learning is provided in biology and physical education classes with topics covering reproductive organs, reproductive functions, sexually transmitted diseases, the dangers of sex, and education provided by the guidance and counseling (BK) teacher during vacant hours using media such as phantom, PowerPoint (PPT), and video.Meanwhile, materials to free association are presented using posters on anti-drugs, smoking, and early marriage, along with student counseling facilitated by the Muhammadiyah Student Association (Ikatan Pelajar Muhammadiyah -IPM).
Information gathered from interviewing 10 seventh-grade students revealed that 6 students did not understand the impacts of casual behavior (60%), and 8 students disagreed with the current social interaction between females and males (80%).The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the influence of educational video media on reproductive health on attitudes towards casual behavior in adolescents.Paired t-test statistical analysis will be used to determine the average scores before and after the intervention.Source: Primary Data Table 1.3 shows the results of the difference in the level of attitudes toward casual behavior among respondents before and after being given intervention through educational video media on reproductive health.The average attitude level before intervention was 75.27, and the average attitude level after intervention was 79.45.Therefore, there is a difference in attitude levels before and after intervention with an average difference of 4.18.Table 1.3 indicates the statistical test results with a p-value of (0.000) ≤ 0.05 for attitudes toward casual behavior.This means that Ha is accepted/Ho is rejected.Thus, from the research, it can be concluded that there is an influence of educational video media on reproductive health on attitudes toward casual behavior among students at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Gamping Sleman Yogyakarta.

DISCUSSION
Based on the average level of attitudes toward casual behavior after being given intervention through educational video media on reproductive health, there is an increase in the average level.This study supports the findings of research conducted by Popy and Amrina (2021), where the difference in average scores between pretest and posttest attitudes shows a significant improvement in the average scores of pretest and posttest attitudes.To change attitudes, relevant information is needed so that respondents can absorb information more effectively.The process of attitude change can be seen as instrumental conditioning, a learning process based on an instrument relevant to attitudes, resulting in positive outcomes.
Based on the frequency distribution of respondent attitude levels after the intervention (posttest), it shows an increase in positive attitudes and a decrease in negative attitudes.This indicates a change in attitudes toward casual behavior among respondents after being given intervention through educational video media.This study supports the findings of Alfiah et al. (2021), where there is an improvement in good attitudes and a decrease in less favorable attitudes after the provision of video media.Attitude change occurs when new information is provided, and it can be observed from how individuals respond to that information.After the intervention, there is an improvement in positive attitudes.
Based on the results of the paired sample t-test for attitude levels before (pretest) and after (posttest) being given intervention through educational video media on reproductive health, it shows that there is an influence of educational video media on reproductive health on attitudes toward casual behavior among students at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Gamping Sleman Yogyakarta.This study supports the findings of Popy (2021), indicating a difference or influence of educational video intervention on increasing attitude scores regarding reproductive health.Educational videos have advantages over simple counseling because students can be more motivated to watch the videos.
Although the research results indicate the influence of providing intervention in the form of educational video media on reproductive health, the frequency of changes in students' attitudes toward casual behavior is not significant.This is because the majority of respondents are receiving information related to reproductive health for the first time, so after the provision of video media, students' thought patterns are still influenced by culture and environment.The knowledge acquired has not yet been applied to form attitudes.Respondents with negative attitudes are concerned about becoming involved in casual behavior, casual sex, and early marriage, resulting in unwanted pregnancies.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the research and discussion on "The Influence of Educational Video Media on Reproductive Health on Attitudes Toward Casual Behavior Among Students at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Gamping Sleman Yogyakarta," conclusions can be drawn: 1. Students' attitudes toward casual behavior before the intervention ranged from a minimum of 58.33 to a maximum of 93.33, with an average attitude toward casual behavior before the intervention being 75.27.