PASAR TENAGA KERJA INKLUSIF DAN PEKERJAAN AFIRMATIF UNTUK PENYANDANG DISABILITAS
Abstract
An inclusive labour market emphasizes equal opportunities and fair treatment for all individuals, including persons with disabilities, with the aim of optimizing the potential of the workforce, increasing innovation, productivity, and economic growth. In Indonesia, inclusive policies have been implemented through various laws and regulations that support the rights of persons with disabilities to obtain decent work. Nonetheless, challenges in the form of discrimination and lack of supporting infrastructure are still significant. Disabled people's organizations (DPOs) play an important role in economic empowerment through skills training and entrepreneurship. This training covers areas such as screen printing, electronics, computers and weaving, as well as social assistance for small businesses. The types of jobs available to people with disabilities include operators, customer service, telemarketing, teachers, and administration. Awareness and effective policies are needed to create a truly inclusive workplace in Indonesia. With sustained commitment from all parties, Indonesia can respect and protect the rights of persons with disabilities, ensure equal and fair access to employment opportunities, and harness their full potential for nation-building.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Afifah, W., & Hadi, S. (2018). Pengaturan Hak Pendidikan Disabilitas (sebagai persiapan penerapan teknologi berkemanusiaan). IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series, (5), 272-280. Aji, A. L. D., & Haryani, T. N. (2017). Diversitas dalam Dunia Kerja: Peluang dan Tantangan bagi Disabilitas. Spirit Publik: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 12(2), 83-93. Apsari, N. C., & Mulyana, N. (2018). Penyandang disabilitas dalam dunia kerja. Focus: Jurnal Pekerjaan Sosial, 1(3), 234-244. Benefits of Diversity in the Workplace. (2020, November 16). https://www.betterteam.com/benefits-of-diversity Bragg, M. (2023, May 23). How Do You Define an Inclusive Economy?. https://www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/how-do-you-define-an-inclusive-economy/ Breaux, T D., & Moritz, J. (2021, June 21). The 2021 software developer shortage is coming. Communications of The ACM, 64(7), 39-41. https://doi.org/10.1145/3440753 Caron, L. (2021), "Disability, employment and wages: evidence from Indonesia", International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 42 No. 5, pp. 866-888. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-01-2020-0022 Ebrahim, A., Lorenzo, T., & Kathard, H. (2022). Traversing Disability: Employers’ Perspectives of Disability Inclusion. Disabilities, 2(2), 317-329. Efimov, I., Lengen, J.C., Kordsmeyer, AC. et al. Capturing and analysing the working conditions of employees with disabilities in German social firms using focus groups. BMC Public Health 22, 413 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12689-w Espada-Chavarria, R.; Diaz-Vega, M.; González-Montesino, R.H. Open Innovation for an Inclusive Labor Market for University Students with Disabilities. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2021, 7, 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ joitmc7040217 Finstad, G. L., Giorgi, G., Zaffina, S., Foti, G., Arcangeli, G., & Mucci, N. (2022). Challenges and opportunities for the employment of workers with disabilities: A systematic approach. Journal of Health and Social Sciences, 7, 53-79. Firdaus, V., & Hasanah, H. (2018). Pengaruh pelatihan dan pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap motivasi berwirausaha pada penyandang disabilitas di Kabupaten Jember. Fenomena, 17(2). Garg, S., & Sangwan, S. (2020, December 21). Literature Review on Diversity and Inclusion at Workplace, 2010–2017. Vision, 25(1), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262920959523 Gatto, L.E., Pearce, H., Antonie, L. and Plesca, M. (2021), "Work integrated learning resources for students with disabilities: are post-secondary institutions in Canada supporting this demographic to be career ready?", Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 125-143. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-08-2019-0106 Huripah, E. (2015). Pekerjaan sosial dengan disabilitas di Indonesia. Pekerjaan Sosial, 13(2). Irwan, M., Anggreni, A., Sunita, J., & Suhdi, H. (2022). Life Skills Education Through Non-Formal Education For People With Physical Disabilities. SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS), 10(2), 235-242. Irwanto dkk, (2010), Siradj Okta Analisis Situasi Penyandang Disabilitas Di Indonesia: Sebuah Desk- Review. Jochmaring, J., & York, J. (2023). Inclusion opportunities of work 4.0? Employment realities of people with disabilities in Germany. Kementrian Sosial RI, (2004), Rencana Aksi Nasional (RAN) Indonesia 2004-2013. Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia. (2019). Keputusan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 326 Tahun 2019 tentang Pedoman Pemberian Penghargaan kepada Perusahaan yang Mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Penyandang Disabilitas. Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Keputusan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 Tahun 2021 tentang Pedoman Penghargaan Nasional Kepada Perusahaan dan Badan Usaha Milik Negara yang Mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Penyandang Disabilitas. Kersten, A., van Woerkom, M., Geuskens, G.A. et al. Organisational Policies and Practices for the Inclusion of Vulnerable Workers: A Scoping Review of the Employer’s Perspective. J Occup Rehabil 33, 245–266 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-022-10067-2 Khotijah, S. A., Bharata, R. W., Priyono, N., Christiani, L. C., & Firmansyah, D. (2021). Pengembangan Kapasitas Kewirausahaan Disabilitas. Rahmatan Lil'Alamin Journal of Community Services, 111-118. Latuconsina, Z. (2014). Afirmasi kebijakan pemerintah dalam fasilitasi kerja bagi penyandang disabilitas. Pandecta Research Law Journal, 9(2), 207-215. Li, W., Ni, T., Zhang, Y., Wang, D. and Parrado, S. (2023), "Can people with disabilities obtain income by using skills learned from vocational trainings? Evidence from mainland China", Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-02-2023-0027 Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa, (2006), Konvensi Hak-hak Asasi Penyandang disabilitas dan Protokol Opsional terhadap Konvensi., Resolusi 61/106. Mardi Yatmo Hutomo, (2000), Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Bidang Ekonomi: Tinjauan Teoritik dan Implementasi, Working Paper. Masykur Wiratmo, (1996), Pengantar Kewiraswastaan, Yogyakarta, BPFE. Mion, G., Baratta, R., Bonfanti, A. and Baroni, S. (2023), "Drivers of social innovation in disability services for inclusion: a focus on social farming in nonprofit organizations", The TQM Journal, Vol. 35 No. 8, pp. 2141-2161. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-05-2022-0153 Morina, A., & Biagiotti, G. (2022). Inclusion at university, transition to employment and employability of graduates with disabilities: A systematic review. International Journal of Educational Development, 93, 102647. Moscatelli, M., Pavesi, N. and Ferrari, C. (2024), "Targeted placement for people with disabilities in Italy: a perspective from Lombardian companies", Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, Vol. 43 No. 9, pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-07-2023-0228 Ndaumanu, F. (2020). Hak penyandang disabilitas: Antara tanggung jawab dan pelaksanaan oleh pemerintah daerah. Jurnal Ham, 11(1), 131-150. Ochrach, C., Thomas, K., Phillips, B., Mpofu, N., Tansey, T. and Castillo, S. (2022), "Case study on the effects of a disability inclusive mindset in a large biotechnology company", Journal of Work-Applied Management, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 113-125. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWAM-06-2021-0045 Phillips, Brian N. et al. ‘Effect of Company-driven Disability Diversity Initiatives: A Multi-case Study Across Industries’. 1 Jan. 2024 : 141 – 154. Rahajeng, U. W., Lintangsari, A. P., & Pratiwi, A. (2019). Career Adaptability Pada Kelompok Disabilitas Dan Non Disabilitas: Kajian Komparatif. Insight: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi, 15(2), 190-203. Rahmi, F. N. (2020). Teknologi Komunikasi Dalam Implementasi Nilai Inklusi Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas. JRK (Jurnal Riset Komunikasi), 11(2). Raiz, M. L., & Sahrul, M. (2020, December). Kompetensi Sosial Penyandang Disabilitas Netra dalam Dunia Kerja. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian LPPM UMJ (Vol. 2020). Rajasulochana, S.R. and Khan, M.I. (2024), "Does access to assistive technologies enhance labour force participation amongst the disabled population? Evidence from India", International Journal of Manpower, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-03-2023-0107 Republik Indonesia. (2011). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2011 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas. Republik Indonesia. (2016). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas. Republik Indonesia. (2019). Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 167 Tahun 2019 tentang Pedoman Penghargaan Nasional Kepada Perusahaan dan Badan Usaha Milik Negara yang Mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Penyandang Disabilitas. Republik Indonesia. (2020). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 60 Tahun 2020 tentang Unit Layanan Disabilitas Bidang Ketenagakerjaan Rodrik, D., & Stantcheva, S. (2021, April 1). A Policy Matrix for Inclusive Prosperity. https://doi.org/10.3386/w28736 Rokhim, F. (2015). Makna kerja bagi penyandang disabilitas di Yayasan Bina Karya “TIARA HANDYCRAFT” Surabaya. Paradigma, 3(3). Sayyidah, A. N. (2015). Dinamika penyesuaian diri penyandang disabilitas di tempat magang kerja (Studi Deskriptif di Balai Rehabilitasi Terpadu Penyandang Disabilitas (BRTPD) Yogyakarta). INKLUSI Journal of Disability Studies, 2(1), 1-24. Schneider, P. V., & Sugahara, C. R. (2022). Trabalho decente da pessoa com deficiência: a agenda 2030 materializada pela lei de cotas. Revista Brasileira de Gestão e Desenvolvimento Regional, 18(3). Shane, S., (2003), A General Theory of Entrepreneurship, the Individual-Opportunity Nexus.,USA: Ed- ward Elgar Chapter 2: The Role of Opportunity. Sumidiningrat, Gunawan, (1999), Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Jaring Pengaman Sosial, Jakarta, Gramedia Surwanti, A. (2014). Model Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Penyandang Disabilitas di Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 5(1), 40-58. Surwanti, A., & Ma’ruf, A. (2018). Advokasi Mewujudkan Peraturan Daerah Tentang Penyandang Disabilitas Di Tingkat Kabupaten. Berdikari: Jurnal Inovasi dan Penerapan Ipteks, 6(1), 109-118. Teborg, S., Hünefeld, L., & Gerdes, T. S. (2024). Exploring the working conditions of disabled employees: a scoping review. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 19(1), 2. Tri Nuke Pudjiastuti et al. (2022). Naskah Kebijakan Peningkatan Hak Akses Ketenagakerjaan bagi Penyandang Disabilitas: Rekomendasi Kebijakan Komite Nasional MOST-UNESCO Indonesia. Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55981/brin.670. Diakses dari penerbit.brin.go.id pada 29 Februari 2024 VOA Indonesia. (2022). Cita-cita Pasar Tenaga Kerja Inklusif dan Kans Karir Talenta Difabel di Tanah Air. Diakses dariwww.voaindonesia.com Widhawati, M. K., Santoso, M. B., & Apsari, N. C. (2020). Ruang Kerja Inklusif Bagi Tenaga Kerja Dengan Disabilitas Fisik. EMPATI: Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial. Yeung, W J., & Yang, Y. (2020, March 1). Labor Market Uncertainties for Youth and Young Adults: An International Perspective. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 688(1), 7-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716220913487
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.