The Influence of School Environment and Learning Motivation on Learning Independence in Deep Learning of Culinary Arts Students at SMK N 6 Semarang

Luthfiah Sis Nur Halim, Saptariana Saptariana

Abstract

This study falls within the field of vocational education, specifically examining student learning autonomy in deep learning at vocational high schools. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the school environment and learning motivation on the learning autonomy of 11th-grade students in the culinary arts program at State Vocational High School 6 in Semarang. This study employs a quantitative approach with an ex post facto design. The study population consisted of 139 students, while the sample of 103 students was determined using the Slovin formula and proportionate random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentation, then analyzed using validity and reliability tests, descriptive analysis, classical assumption tests, simple regression, multiple regression, and the coefficient of determination. The results indicate that the school environment and learning motivation have a positive and significant effect on learning autonomy, both partially and simultaneously. Learning motivation has a more dominant influence than the school environment. Together, these two variables account for 58.7% of the variation in students’ learning autonomy. This study contributes to the development of vocational education research by emphasizing the importance of a supportive school environment and strengthening learning motivation in fostering students’ learning autonomy.

Keywords

: School Environment, Motivation to Learn, Independent Learning, Deep Learning, Graduate Profile

Full Text:

PDF

References

Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan A. P. (2025). Panduan Pembelajaran Mendalam (Deep Learning). https://kurikulum.kemendikdasmen.go.id/rujukan/paparan

Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control (W. H. Freeman, Tran.). Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 13(2), 158–166. https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158

Cigdem, H., & Oncu, S. (2024). Understanding the Role of Self-Regulated Learning in Academic Success. A Blended Learning Perspective in Vocational Education. Innoeduca. International Journal of Technology and Educational Innovation, 10(1), 45–64. https://doi.org/10.24310/ijtei.101.2024.17432

Fraser, B. J. (2012). Classroom learning environments: Retrospect, context and prospect. In B. J. Fraser, K. G. Tobin, & C. J. McRobbie (Eds.), Second International Handbook of Science Education (pp. 1191–1239). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9041-7_79

Garrison, D. R. (1997). Self-directed learning: Toward a comprehensive model. Adult Education Quarterly, 48(1), 18–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171369704800103

Ghozali, I. (2021). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 26. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Haryadi, R., Abdullah, A. G., Abdullah, A. G., Widiaty, I., & Widiaty, I. (2024). Analysis of Competency Profile for Vocational Graduates. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, 24(1), 129–150. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpp.v24i1.67432

Held, T., & Mejeh, M. (2024). Students’ motivational trajectories in vocational education: Effects of a self-regulated learning environment. Heliyon, 10(8), e29526. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E29526

Jumrawarsi, & Neviyarni, S. (2020). Peran seorang guru dalam menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang kondusif. Ensiklopedia Education Review, 2(3), 50–54.

Kementerian Pendidikan, D., & Menengah, R. I. (2025). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2025 tentang Standar Kompetensi Lulusan pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar, dan Jenjang Pendidikan Menengah. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/321419/permendikdasmen-no-10-tahun-2025

Knowles, M. (1975). Self-Directed Learning: a guide for learners and teacher. Chicago: Association Press and Follet Publishing company.

Lestari, L. N., & Siswanto, D. (2024). Dampak School Environment (X₁) dan Learning Motivation (X₂) terhadap Prestasi Siswa TKJ di Era Digital. KarismaPro, 15(2013), 20–30. https://journal2.unfari.ac.id/index.php/karismapro/article/view/1429%0Ahttps://journal2.unfari.ac.id/index.php/karismapro/article/download/1429/503

Mahbubah, S. M., & Darmawan, D. (2026). Analisis Peran School Environment (X₁) dalam Mendukung Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar. 6(2), 102–114. https://doi.org/10.54437/irsyaduna

Moos, R. H. (1973). Conceptualizations of human environments. In American Psychologist (Vol. 28, Number 8, pp. 652–665). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0035722

Nurjanah, I., Ana, A., & Masek, A. Bin. (2022). Systematic Literature Review: Work readiness of vocational high school graduates in facing the industrial 4.0 era. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Dan Kejuruan, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.21831/jptk.v28i2.48552

Palangda, L., & Suyono, D. (2025). The Impact of Family Environment and Learning Independence on Learning Outcomes Through Learning Motivation. IJEMS Indonesian Journal of Education and Mathematical Science. https://doi.org/10.30596/ijems.v6i2.24227

Pratiwi, N. A. (2024). PENGARUH EFIKASI DIRI, LEARNING MOTIVATION (X₂) DAN LINGKUNGAN TEMAN SEBAYA TERHADAP LEARNING INDEPENDENCE (Y) SISWA KELAS XI PADA MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI DI SMA NEGERI 1 KISARAN TAHUN AJARAN 2023/2024. [Universitas Negeri Medan]. https://digilib.unimed.ac.id/id/eprint/64342/

Rahmadani, A., Rahmadani, D., Kartika, Lubis, S. R., & Mustika, D. (2026). Implementasi School Environment (X₁) yang Kondusif dalam Mendukung Pembentukan Karakter Siswa di SDN 001 Petai. Jurnal Yudistira : Publikasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Bahasa, 4(1), 237–241. https://doi.org/10.61132/yudistira.v4i1.2668

Ririn, F. N., Arifuddin, R. S., Mursyidi, M. B., & Darmawan, D. (2021). Pengaruh Learning Independence (Y), School Environment (X₁), dan Efikasi Diri terhadap Hasil Belajar. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(5), 3(2), 524–532. https://journal.uii.ac.id/ajie/article/view/971

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness. In Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness. Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860

Sardiman, A. M. (2011). Interaksi dan Learning Motivation (X₂) Mengajar. 2011. In Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. PT Raja Grafindo Persada.

Sari, V. P. (2024). PENGARUH LEARNING INDEPENDENCE (Y) DAN LINGKUNGAN BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI PROGRAM KEAHLIAN MANAJEMEN PERKANTORAN DAN LAYANAN BISNIS SMK PASUNDAN 1 CIMAHI. https://repository.upi.edu/120980/

Schunk, D. H., & Greene, J. A. (2017). Handbook of Self-Regulation of Learning and Performance, Second Edition. In Handbook of Self-Regulation of Learning and Performance, Second Edition (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315697048

Slameto. (2013). Belajar dan yang mempengaruhi. In Jakarta Rineka Cipta. Rineka Cipta.

Sojanah, J., & Kencana, N. P. (2021). Motivasi dan Learning Independence (Y) sebagai faktor determinan hasil belajar siswa. Jurnal Pendidikan Manajemen Perkantoran, 4(2), 141. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpm.v4i2.18008

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. PT. Alfabeta.

Sukmadinata, N. (2009). Landasan Psikologi Proses Pendidikan. PT.Rosdakarya Offset.

Syah, M. (2015). Psikologi Belajar. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Tirtaraharja, & Sulo., L. (2005). Pengantar Pendidikan,. Rineka Cipta.

Uno, H. B. (2016). Teori motivasi dan pengukurannya analisis dibidang pendidikan (Junwinanto, Ed.). PT. Bumi Aksara. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=8o5_tQEACAAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=id&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false

Utomo, J. B., Prayitno, H. J., & Indri, I. (2025). Strategies and Development of the Deep Learning Approach in Vocational High Schools in the Era of Global Computing. Journal of Deep Learning, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.23917/jdl.v1i1.10855

Wulandari, H. T., Susanto, H., Prayitno, H. J., Indri, Wardhana, B., & Haq, F. R. U. (2026). Integrating Technical Skills, Soft Skills, and Digital Technology in Culinary Vocational Education: A Deep Learning Model for Industry 5.0. Journal of Deep Learning, 50–66. https://doi.org/10.23917/jdl.v2i1.12927

Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining Self-Regulation: A Social Cognitive Perspective. Handbook of Self-Regulation, 13–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012109890-2/50031-7

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.