ANALISIS KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN TERHADAP KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA

Aaqilla Shafa Adelia

Abstract

Pergeseran arah pembangunan ekonomi dari sektor pertanian ke sektor industri di Indonesia berdampak pada kualitas lingkungan hidup. Peningkatan aktivitas ekonomi yang terkonsentrasi pada sektor industri menyebabkan percepatan pertumbuhan ekonomi, namun juga mengakibatkan peningkatan penggunaan sumber daya dalam proses produksi. Masalah seperti ketimpangan pendapatan, tingginya kepadatan penduduk, dan proses industrialisasi juga turut berkontribusi terhadap penurunan kualitas lingkungan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, ketimpangan pendapatan, kepadatan penduduk, dan industrialisasi terhadap kualitas lingkungan hidup di Indonesia. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan data sekunder dan analisis yang dilakukan menggunakan metode regresi panel dengan menggabungkan data cross-section dari 34 Provinsi di Indonesia dan data time- series dari tahun 2015 hingga 2020. Model terbaik yang dihasilkan adalah Model Random Effect. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi, ketimpangan pendapatan, dan kepadatan penduduk memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan berdampak negatif terhadap kualitas lingkungan, sementara industrialisasi tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kualitas lingkungan hidup.

Kata Kunci: Kualitas Lingkungan, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Ketimpangan Pendapatan, Kepadatan Penduduk, Industrialisasi

JEL Klasifikasi: Q56, O47, D31, J11, L52

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jiep.v22i1.88600

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