AGLOMERASI DAN PERBEDAAN PRODUKTIVITAS PERUSAHAAN DI DALAM DAN DI LUAR KAWASAN BERIKAT

Suharyani Suharyani, Benedictus Raksaka Mahi

Abstract

Export promotion policies have been implemented in many developing countries, which is implemented as Bonded Zone in Indonesia. There are at least two interesting issues from the Bonded Zone’s existence, related to industrial agglomeration and tax incentives with export share requirement. This study aims to look at the impact of agglomeration on productivity differences between firms located within and outside the Bonded Zone. The object were exporters in industrial sector, while the period was from 2009 to 2016. This study uses twostep Heckman method to overcome the selection bias problem because the usage of tax reporting data. The first phase was probit model of tax compliance equation, while productivity equation in the second stage was estimated using OLS. The estimation outputs show firms within the Bonded Zone are more productive because they receive benefits from industrial agglomeration within the zone, from availability of facilities and infrastructure, labor access and knowledge spillover. As a policy recommendation, economic policies in Indonesia should be directed in the form of place-based policies because they are proven to be able to increase productivity.


Keywords: Bonded Zone, productivity, agglomeration, tax incentive, twostep Heckman


JEL classification: H2, H21, F10

Full Text:

PDF

References

Amiti, M., & Konings, J. (2007). Trade Liberalization, Intermediate In-puts, and Productivity: Evidence from Indonesia. The American Economic Review, 1611-1638.

Berglann, H., Moen, E. R., Røed, K., & Skogstrøm, J. F. (2011). Entre-preneurship: Origins and Returns. Labour Economics, 18, 180 – 193.

Bernard, A. B., & Jensen, J. B. (1999). Exceptional exporter performance: cause, effect, or both? Journal of International Economics 47, 1-25.

Blalock, G., & Gertler, P. J. (2004). Learning from Exporting Revisited in a Less Developed Setting . Journal of Development Economics, 397-416.

Chaurey, R. (2017). Location-based tax incentives: Evidence from India. Journal of Public Economics 156, 101 - 120.

Ciccone, A. (2002). Agglomeration effects in Europe. European Economic Review 46, 213-227.

Cui, H., & Tan, Y. (2016). Product differentiation, export participation and productivity growth: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing firms. China Economic Review, 234-252.

Dai, M., Maitra, M., & Yu, M. (2016). Unexceptional exporter performance in China? The role of processing trade. Journal of Development Economics 121, 177-189.

De Loecker, J. (2007). Do exports generate higher productivity? Evi-dence from Slovenia. Journal of Inter-national Economics 73 (1), 69-98.

Defever, F., & Riano, A. (2017). Subsidies with export share require-ments in China. Journal of Deve-lopment Economics, 33-51.

Epifani, P., & Crino, R. (2012). Pro-ductivity, Quality and Export Beha-viour. The Economic Journal, 565.

Freeman, R. (2008). Labour Produc-tivity Indicators: Comparison of Two OECD Databases Productivity Diffe-rentials and The Balassa-Samuelson Effect. OECD.

Hai, O. T. (2011). Intention of Tax Non-Compliance-Examine the Gap. International Journal of Business and Social Scienc, 79-83.

Helpman, E., Melitz, M. J., & Yeaple, S. R. (2004). Export versus FDI with heterogeneous firms. American Eco-nomic Review 94 (1), 300-316.

Ikaningtyas, B. W. (2012). Pengaruh Aglomerasi terhadap Produktivitas Perusahaan pada Sektor Industri Pengolahan: Studi Kasus Pulau Jawa Tahun 2006 - 2009. Depok: Univer-sitas Indonesia.

Indra, F. (2012). Analisis Daampak Aglomerasi terhadap Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Sektor Non Pertanian di Jawa: Sebuah Pendekatan Ekonome-trika Spasial. Universitas Indonesia, mimeo.

Kim, S.-I., Gopinath, M., & Kim, H. (2009). High productivity before or after exports? An empirical analysis of Korean manufacturing firms . Journal of Asian Economics 20, 410-418.

Krugman, P. (1991). Geography and Trade. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Lall, S., Shalizi, Z., & Deichmann, U. (2004). Agglomeration economies and productivity in Indian industry. Jour-nal of Development Economics 73, 643-673.

Lin, H. L., Li, H. Y., & Yang, C. H. (2011). Agglomeration and produc-tivity: Firmlevel evidence from Chi-na's textil industry. China Economic Review 22, 313-329.

Manova, K., & Yu, Z. (2016). How firms export: Processing vs ordinary trade with financial friction. Journal of International Economics 100, 120-137.

Mao, Q., & Sheng, B. (2017). The impact of tariff reuctions on firm dynamics and productivity in China: Does market-oriented transition mat-ter? China Economic Review 45, 168-194.

Melitz, M. J. (2003). The impact of trade on intra-industry reallocation and aggregate industry productivity. Econometrica Vol. 71 No. 6, 1695-1725.

Moretti, E. (2004). Workers' Educa-tion, Spillovers, and Productivity: Evidence from Plant-Level Production Functions. The American Economic Review Vol. 94 No. 3, 656-690.

Nakamura, R. (2008). Change in Agglomeration Economies and Link-age Externalities for Japanese Urban Manufacturing Industries: 1990 and 2000. RIETI Discussion Paper Series, 08.E.040.

Nicoleta, B. M. (2011). A review of factors for tax compliance. Annals of “Dunarea de Jo.

OECD. (2001). Measuring Produc-tivity: Measurement of aggregate and industry level productivity growth. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Palil, M. R. (2010). Tax knowledge and tax compliance determinantss in self assessment system in Malaysia. The Univerity of Brmingham, mimeo.

Polak, P. (2017). The productivity paradox: A meta-analysis. Information Economics and Policy, 38-54.

Porter, M. E. (2000). Location, Com-petition, and Economic Development: Local Cluster in a Global Economy. Economic Development Quarterly 14 (1), 15-34.

Sharma, C. (2012). Export participa-tion and productivity performance of firms in the Indian transport manu-facturing . Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Vol. 23 Issue: 3, 351-369.

Sharma, C. (2017). Export, access of foreign technology, and firms' per-formance: Searching the link in Indan manufacturing. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, xxx-xxx.

Sharma, C., & Mishra, R. K. (2015). International trade and performance of firms: Unraveling export, import and productivity. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 61-74.

Sharoja, N., Eze, U. C., & Kasipillai, J. (2014). Determinants of tax com-pliance behaviour of corporate tax-payers in Malaysia. eJournal of Tax Research, 383-409.

Van Biesebroeck, J. (2005). Exporting raises productivity in Sub-Saharan African manufacturing firm. Journal of International Economics 67, 373-391.

Vu, M. T., Bellone, F., & Dovis, M. (2017). Productivity and wage pre-miums: Evidence from Vietnamese ordinary and processing exporters. In-ternational Economics, doi: 10.1016/ j.inteco.2017.10.006.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jiep.v18i2.24970

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.