BRICS COUNTRIES IN THE NETWORK OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY THROUGH THE LENS OF THE EMPIRE CONCEPT
Abstract
Abstract
This article investigates the transformative impact of the BRICS countries—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—using Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt’s “Empire” concept. The emergence of the BRICS challenges traditional global power dynamics by forming a decentralized network of emerging economies that challenges the dominance of Western powers. Analyzing their alignment with Empire concept tenets like deterritorialization and the role of the multitude reveals a complex interplay between challenging and embodying traits of the Empire they oppose. This ambiguity is highlighted by the BRICS countries’ production of immaterial labor and biopower. This study contributes a nuanced understanding of the BRICS phenomenon’s implications for political systems and global economics through the lens of the Empire concept and an interdisciplinary approach. It sheds light on the evolving dynamics between the BRICS countries and established power structures, offering insights into the contemporary global landscape’s complex realities.
Keywords: BRICS, Empire, Biopower, Affective Labor, Multitude
Abstrak
Artikel ini menganalisis dampak transformatif dari negara-negara BRICS—Brazil, Rusia, India, China, dan Afrika Selatan—menggunakan konsep “Empire” Antonio Negri dan Michael Hardt. Munculnya BRICS tampaknya telah menantang dinamika kekuatan global dengan membentuk jaringan ekonomi yang terdesentralisasi yang menantang dominasi kekuatan Barat. Dengan menganalisis perkembangan BRICS menggunakan konsep kunci dalam Empire, seperti deteritorialisasi dan multitude, artikel ini menampilkan hubungan yang kompleks antara peran BRICS dalam menantang dominasi Empire sekaligus menampilkan gelagat menjadi Empire yang baru. Ambiguitas ini nampak pada produksi tenaga kerja nonmateri (immaterial labor) dan bentuk-bentuk biopower yang muncul dari perkembangan negara-negara BRICS. Artikel ini turut andil dalam memberikan kontribusi pemahaman kritis dari implikasi fenomena BRICS terhadap sistem politik dan ekonomi global melalui lensa konsep Empire dan pendekatan interdisipliner. Artikel ini menyoroti dinamika yang berkembang antara negara-negara BRICS dan struktur kekuatan yang telah mapan sebelumnya serta menawarkan analisis tentang realitas yang kompleks dalam lanskap global kontemporer.
Kata Kunci: BRICS, Empire, Biopower, Affective Labor, Multitude
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