KEKERASAN BERBASIS GENDER ONLINE DALAM FENOMENA AKHWAT HUNTER : OBJEKTIFIKASI PEREMPUAN BERPAKAIAN SYAR’I
Abstract
Covered clothing (syar'i) is considered as clothing that can provide self-protection against sexual harassment. However, the facts reveal that women who wear clothes syar'i cannot completely avoid acts of sexual harassment either directly or indirectly. The research method uses a hybrid method with SLR method then qualitative method with observation and interviews to legitimize findings. The literature process was carried out using the PRISMA method technique and data analysis was carried out using meta-synthesis. Researchers conducted a review of 15 articles international, 6 national journals, and 3 online news. Researchers conducted observations and interviews of women dress syar'i in revealing perspectives on the phenomena Akhwat Hunter. The results of the study indicate that there are several factors that cause the formation of deviant behavior. The driving factor is caused by the formation of stereotypes about women in dress syar'i, wrong sexual urges, and internal norms that reinforce the behavior. In addition, environmental factors include the cyberspace and the perception of anonymity cause the courage to commit social deviations. This study also identified social responses to Akhwat Hunter community. Social stigma to this community exists because of the attitude of not agreeing with deviant behavior. This stigma affects community interaction with the wider community and results in formal and informal social sanctions. The results of this study can be useful for the community to avoid the negative impacts of sexual deviance behavior such as Akhwat Hunter as well as additional knowledge, especially in the field of social deviation.
Keywords: syar'i clothes, sexual harassment, Akhwat Hunter
Abstrak
Pakaian tertutup (syar’i) dianggap sebagai pakaian yang dapat memberikan perlindungan diri terhadap terjadinya pelecehan seksual. Namun, fakta mengungkapkan bahwa perempuan yang menggunakan pakaian syar’i tidak sepenuhnya dapat terhindar dari aksi pelecehan seksual baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode gabungan (hybrid) dengan systematic literature review (SLR) kemudian metode kualitatif dengan observasi dan wawancara untuk melegitimasi temuan pada SLR. Proses literatur dilakukan dengan teknik metode PRISMA serta melakukan analisis data dengan meta-sintesis. Peneliti melakukan telaah terhadap 15 artikel bereputasi internasional, 6 jurnal nasional serta 3 sumber berita online yang relevan dengan topik penelitian. Peneliti melakukan observasi serta wawancara terhadap perempuan berpakaian syar’i dalam mengungkap prespektif terhadap fenomena Akhwat Hunter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor dari aspek sosial dalam perspektif sosiologi yang menyebabkan terbentuknya perilaku menyimpang. Faktor pendorong disebabkan oleh terbentuknya mitos atau stereotipe terhadap perempuan berpakaian syar’i, dorongan seksual yang salah, serta norma internal yang memperkuat terjadinya perilaku tersebut. Selain itu, faktor lingkungan meliputi lingkungan online (dunia maya) dan persepsi anonimitas menyebabkan keberanian melakukan penyimpangan sosial juga berperan dalam proses terjadinya penyimpangan. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi respon sosial terhadap komunitas Akhwat Hunter. Stigma sosial kepada komunitas ini hadir karena sikap tidak setuju dengan perilaku menyimpang tersebut. Stigma tersebut mempengaruhi interaksi komunitas dengan masyarakat luas dan menghasilkan sanksi sosial secara formal maupun informal. Hasil kajian ini dapat berguna bagi masyarakat untuk menghindari dampak negatif dari perilaku penyimpangan seksual seperti Akhwat Hunter serta sebagai tambahan pengetahuan khususnya di bidang penyimpangan sosial.
Kata Kunci: pakaian syar’i, pelecehan seksual, Akhwat Hunter
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