International Journal of Science and Applied Science: Conference Series
International Journal of Science and Applied Science: Conference Series is an interdisciplinary scientific journal that publishes original research, reviews, and other types of contributions. The journal serves as a communication and collaboration space for the scientific and academic community engaged in research and development of innovative solutions in the multidisciplinary fields of Science, Technology, and Education. Its aim is to promote the exchange of knowledge and the application of innovations that have an impact on the development of science, technology, and education as well as the advancement of knowledge across disciplines.
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Community Life and International Multiculturalism in The Development of Sangha Education at The Mahavihara Buddha Plum Village Thailand
The development of Sangha education in the modern era is strongly influenced by two main factors, namely community life and international multiculturalism. Community life has an important role in helping individuals, especially Sangha members, in the process of self-development and continuous inner transformation. Meanwhile, international multiculturalism encourages openness and acceptance of the diversity of different cultural backgrounds, languages, and customs, which ultimately enriches spiritual experiences and broadens the horizons of Sangha members in undergoing religious practices. This research aims to explore the influence of community life and international multiculturalism on the development of Sangha education, by taking acase study at Mahavihara Plum Village Thailand. The method used is descriptive quantitative, involving 100 respondents from among the monastic Sangha, who were selected using proportional random sampling technique. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analysed using various statistical techniques, including validity, reliability, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression F test, and t test. The results show that community life has a significant effect on the development of Sangha education (tcount = 8.402, significance = 0.000), while international multiculturalism provides a lower effect (tcount = 1.811, significance = 0.007). The R Square value of 0.889 indicates that the combined contribution of community life variables and international multiculturalism to the development of Sangha education reaches 88.9%. In other words, understanding and application of community life values and openness to international multiculturalism play a very dominant role in shaping and directing the direction of the development of Sangha education, especially in the context of Mahavihara Plum Village Thailand. Meanwhile, the remaining 11.1% is influenced by other factors that are beyond the scope of this study.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Science and Applied Science: Conference Series
Storytelling as a strategy for developing student concentration in non-formal schools
Children's concentration in learning is an important factor in the success of the learning process, especially in non-formal educational environments such as Buddhist Sunday School (SMB). One approach that can be used to improve children's concentration is the storytelling approach. This study aims to determine the effect of the storytelling approach on the concentration of Mahakusala SMB children in understanding the Buddhist teachings delivered in class. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with an observational research design and the use of a questionnaire as a concentration measurement tool. The subjects in this study were 30 children aged 10–13 years old from Mahakusala Buddhist Sunday School (SMB). Based on data collected through direct observation during the storytelling process and the completion of questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability, the findings highlight the potential of storytelling not only as an engaging teaching strategy but also as a practical tool for improving student focus. Applying the storytelling approach in other Buddhist Sunday schools (SMB) can produce similar improvements, supporting educators in fostering better attention and deeper understanding among students. The results of this study show a positive and significant effect of the storytelling approach on children's concentration. This is evidenced by an R square value of 0.973, which means that 97.3% of the variation in children's concentration can be explained by the use of the storytelling approach, while 2.7% is influenced by other factors. Thus, the storytelling approach has been proven to be more effective in improving children's concentration in learning activities at Mahakusala SMB and can be recommended for use as the main strategy in Dhamma learning.
Emotional balance as a predictor of speech ethics among junior high school students in Pesawaran
In the field of education, speaking ethics plays a crucial role as one of the key indicators in assessing the quality of interpersonal interactions. Speaking ethics is not merely about speaking properly; it also involves how an individual conveys thoughts, ideas, opinions, and feelings politely, respectfully, and in accordance with the norms and values prevailing in a particular social and cultural environment. This concept is highly relevant in educational settings, involving not only students and teachers but also all parties engaged in the educational process. In general, speaking ethics reflects moral principles and ethical values that serve as a guide for individuals in communication. These principles are essential for maintaining harmony and comfort in interactions, both within the classroom and in the broader school environment. In this regard, the present study aims to examine the extent to which emotional balance influences ethical speaking behaviour. Emotional balance refers to an individual's ability to manage and regulate emotions wisely across various situations, whether in moments of joy, sadness, anger, or under pressure. This research was conducted in a junior high school located in the Pesawaran region. The study employed a quantitative approach using survey methods and random sampling techniques. A total of 33 students, all of whom follow the Buddhist religion, were selected as respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The data were then analysed using validity and reliability tests, as well as simple linear regression analysis. The results show that emotional balance has a significant and positive effect on ethical speaking behaviour. The better an individual manages their emotions, the more ethically they tend to communicate. However, other factors were also found to have some influence, albeit to a lesser extent.
Mindful learning through mindfulness bells as a predictor to improve student learning outcomes
This study was motivated by the importance of improving student learning outcomes through a learning approach that not only focuses on cognitive aspects but also shapes students' awareness, attitudes, and positive behaviour. This study aims to determine the effect of mindful learning on improving student learning outcomes with mindful bells at Buddhist Sunday School (BSS) Dharma Gaya, Metro City. Mindful Learning is a learning approach that emphasises full awareness in the learning process. Students are encouraged to be fully present, aware, and focused on every activity they do. Mindful bells are used as a tool to help students direct their attention to learning in a calmer and more focused manner. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method involving 45 students as the overall subjects of the study. The research instrument used was a questionnaire with a Likert scale that measured mindful learning with mindful bells. Simple linear regression analysis was used to test the research hypothesis, and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for Windows version 26 was used as a tool to analyse the data. The results showed that there was a positive and significant influence of 65.5% between the variables of mindful learning with mindful bells and the improvement in student learning outcomes at BSS Dharma Gaya Kota Metro. Meanwhile, the remaining 34.5% was influenced by other factors not included in the study. This means that the better the application of mindful learning with mindful bells in learning activities, the more it will improve student learning outcomes as shown by changes in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects of students.
Outdoor learning in improving understanding of Brahmawihara materials among children at Buddhist sunday school
This research aims to test the effectiveness of outdoor learning-based education in increasing the understanding of Sunday School children about the values of Brahmawihara (Metta, Karuna, Mudita, Upekkha). This study also emphasises the importance of enjoyable and contextual learning approaches to enhance children's engagement in understanding spiritual values. The method used is a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 20 children aged 10-12 years from two Buddhist Sunday Schools in East Lampung. Data collection was carried out through a multiple-choice test that has been tested for validity and reliability of 0.967, and was then analysed using paired sample T-test and one sample T-test. This supports the theory of experiential learning, with research results showing a significant increase in participant understanding, where the average pretest score was 60.20 SD=9.12, increasing to 86.30 SD=7.54 in the posttest. Statistical analysis reinforces these findings (t = -20.985, p = 0.000), with 85.71% of participants achieving the minimum learning completeness (KKM) ≥75. Activities such as nature meditation and role-playing proved to help children connect the values of Brahmawihara with their daily lives, strengthening the internalisation of these four noble qualities. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that outdoor learning-based education is effective as an alternative method for teaching Brahmawihara to children in Buddhist Sunday school. The practical implication is that this approach can be integrated into the curriculum by taking into account the availability of supporting facilities and teacher training to ensure optimal implementation. For further research, it is recommended to broaden the sample scope by involving different age groups or locations with more diverse environmental characteristics to test the generalisation of findings in providing education to children. This study makes an important contribution to the development of interactive and contextual Buddhist education methods, especially in instilling noble values in Sunday School children.
Interactive videos and student learning activity in Buddhist religion classes at SMP N 21 Pesawaran
Teachers play a crucial role in the learning process, not only as conveyors of material, but also as facilitators and motivators to encourage student learning activity. Learning activity is an important indicator of learning success because active students tend to understand the material more easily, engage in critical thinking, and show interest and responsibility for learning. One way to increase learning activity is to use innovative learning media, such as interactive videos. This study aims to determine the effect of using interactive videos on student learning activity and to measure the extent of its influence in Buddhist Education at SMP Negeri 21 Pesawaran. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. The research subjects were all Buddhist students, totalling 30 respondents. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire with a Likert scale, and the data were analysed using simple linear regression techniques. The results showed that there was a positive and significant effect between the use of interactive videos and student learning activity, with a contribution value of 18.6%. This means that the higher the optimisation of interactive video use in the learning process, the higher the students' learning activity. These findings confirm that interactive videos can be an effective and enjoyable learning medium, capable of increasing students' attention, interaction, and engagement during learning. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers consistently and creatively integrate interactive videos into the learning process to achieve maximum learning outcomes.
Buddhist fundraising (congdanbud) and gamification approach in improving students' cognitive skills
Cognitive skills are a crucial aspect of education because they directly relate to students' abilities to think critically, analyse information, understand concepts, and solve problems. These skills are the primary foundation for creating an effective, meaningful, and sustainable learning process. Improving cognitive skills not only impacts students' academic outcomes but also contributes to improving the overall quality of human resources. This is crucial in developing a generation capable of adapting and contributing to the nation's future progress. This study aims to determine the effect of the traditional Buddhist congklak game and a gamification approach on the cognitive skills of students at the Sakyamuni Buddhist Sunday School (BSS). The method used was a quantitative survey. The research instrument was a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to the entire population of 32 students, who also served as the sample. Data analysis employed multiple linear regression using SPSS version 27. The study results indicate a positive and significant influence between the Buddhist congklak game and the gamification approach on improving students' cognitive skills, with a contribution of 83.8%. Meanwhile, the remaining 16.2% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. These findings indicate that the application of Buddhist-based learning methods combined with a fun approach such as gamification is very effective in improving students' cognitive abilities in religious educational environments. Therefore, this approach deserves further development at various levels of education, both formal and non-formal, to create a fun, relevant, and transformative learning process to produce a superior generation with character according to Buddhist moral values in a holistic and sustainable manner today.
Peer contagion effect on the academic behaviour of year 9 students at SMPN 1 Pekalongan
Social interaction in education, especially among peers, plays an important role in shaping students' academic behaviour. One interesting phenomenon in educational psychology studies is the peer contagion effect, which is the tendency of individuals to imitate or adjust their behaviour to their peer group, both positively and negatively. This effect is particularly influential during adolescence, when self-discovery and social pressure are dominant factors in shaping behaviour, including in an academic context. This study aims to determine the influence of peer contagion effects on the academic behaviour of Year 9 students at SMP Negeri 1 Pekalongan in the 2024/2025 academic year. The phenomena observed include the use of foul language, difficulty concentrating on studying due to peer influence, and the emergence of stress and depression in the learning process. From a Buddhist perspective, ethical behaviour such as sammā-vācā (right speech) and sammā-kammanta (right action) are important foundations in character building and learning discipline. The results of this study are expected to contribute theoretically to the development of educational science and provide practical benefits for teachers, students, parents, and educational institutions in overcoming the negative effects of peer influence. This study also highlights the importance of strengthening moral and ethical values through Buddhist-based character education as a preventive measure against deviant behaviour in the school environment. By integrating ethical values into the curriculum, it is hoped that students will be better able to cope with peer pressure and develop positive academic behaviour. In addition, this approach can also create a more supportive learning environment where students can be inspired to achieve better results.
Merdeka curriculum in Buddhist religious education at Sariputra school Jambi in 2024/2025 academic year
This study aims to explore the obstacles in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum in Buddhist Religious Education at Sariputra School in Jambi at the primary, junior high, and senior high school levels for the 2024/2025 academic year. The focus of the study is on teachers' understanding of the curriculum, their level of readiness in implementing student-centred learning, and the obstacles they face in internalising the values of Buddha Dharma in the educational environment. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, environmental and classroom observations, and learning documentation as the main sources of information. The research subjects include Buddhist Religious Education teachers and deputy principals in charge of curriculum at each level. The results show that teachers have a fairly good basic understanding of the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum. However, in practice, they still experience difficulties or obstacles in developing learning that prioritises the needs, interests, and potential of students independently. Time constraints, lack of technical training or seminars related to the implementation of the independent curriculum, and the lack of availability of contextual learning media and facilities are the main obstacles. In addition, the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) based on Buddhist Dharma values such as love (metta), compassion (karuna), and self-awareness (sati) has not been fully optimised. Despite facing various challenges, teachers continue to show dedication in shaping students' character through Buddhist moral values. This reflects the important role of teachers in integrating spiritual teachings into the learning process. Therefore, concrete efforts are needed from schools and policy makers to improve teacher capacity through training, the provision of modules, and the development of Buddhist spirituality-based learning media in line with the spirit of the Independent Curriculum.
Think pair share cooperative learning model and critical thinking skills students at xaverius 1 junior high school in Bandar Lampung
The ever-changing dynamics of the world of education demand that students improve various competencies in order to face the challenges of the 21st century. One of the most important competencies to develop is critical thinking skills. These skills enable students to analyse information, evaluate arguments, and make logical and rational decisions. To develop this ability, it is necessary to apply an appropriate learning model, one of which is the Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model. The TPS model is designed to encourage active student participation through independent thinking, discussion with partners, and sharing the results of discussions in large groups. This study aims to determine the effect of the TPS learning model on students' critical thinking skills at Xaverius 1 Junior High School in Bandar Lampung and the extent of this effect. This study used a survey method with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by distributing questionnaires using a Likert scale. The research population consisted of 38 students, and the entire population was used as the sample (saturated sampling). Data analysis was performed using simple linear regression tests with the help of SPSS version 27 software. The results of the analysis showed a positive and significant effect between the application of the TPS model and students' critical thinking skills, with a contribution of 62.6%. These findings indicate that the more optimal the application of the TPS model in the learning process, the higher the critical thinking skills possessed by students. Based on these results, the TPS learning model is recommended as an effective and relevant learning strategy to be applied in order to improve students' critical thinking skills at the junior high school level.
Total relaxation as a mindfulness and concentration technique for students at Ekayana Dharma Budhi Bhakti junior high school
This study aims to identify the effect of total relaxation techniques as part of mindfulness on the learning concentration of students at Ekayana Dharma Budhi Bhakti Junior High School. The main problems faced by students include difficulty in maintaining concentration while studying, academic stress, social pressure, and an unsupportive learning environment. Most students do not yet have effective strategies or techniques for managing stress and improving their focus on learning. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population consists of 109 students, and 31 students were sampled using the Proportional Random Sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using a closed questionnaire with a Likert scale that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used simple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 26 software. The results showed that there was a positive and significant effect between total relaxation as a mindfulness technique and students' learning concentration, with a t-value of 7.698 and significance (p) of 0.000 (p < 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.438 indicates that the total relaxation technique contributes 43.8% to the increase in students' learning concentration, while 56.2% is influenced by other factors outside this study. These findings indicate that the integration of mindfulness techniques, particularly total relaxation, is effective in improving student learning focus and is recommended to be systematically implemented in educational practices at the junior high school level.
Evaluation of the independent curriculum in learning Buddhist religious education at elementary school. Waringin Sari Timur Pringsewu
This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Buddhist Religious Education at SD Negeri 3 Waringin Sari Timur Pringsewu. The main objective of this study is to gain an in-depth understanding of the implementation of the curriculum based on the values of the Pancasila Student Profile, particularly in the context of minority religious education. This study also aims to identify the extent to which the Merdeka Curriculum has an impact on the character building of students, as well as how the school supports the facilitation of an inclusive and valuable learning process. This study uses a qualitative approach with an evaluative method based on the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) model. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, in-depth interviews with the principal, vice principal in charge of curriculum, and Buddhist Education teachers, as well as documentation of learning tools. The CIPP model was used to examine the context of the curriculum policy, the readiness and availability of supporting resources, the learning implementation process, and the results or impact of the curriculum implementation. The results showed that the school had implemented the Merdeka Curriculum gradually in accordance with applicable regulations. Buddhist education was implemented equally and comprehensively, despite facing obstacles in the form of a limited number of official textbooks. The school provided support through training programs such as Tathagata and learning communities. The evaluation of student achievement shows a significant improvement in character, as reflected in the Education Report Card indicators, which improved from the red (poor) category in 2022 to green (good) in 2024–2025. These findings show that the Merdeka Curriculum can be effectively implemented in minority religious education if it is supported by resource readiness and institutional commitment.
The student teams achievement divisions (STAD) learning model and the role of digital media in the opinion-forming ability of students at SMAN 1 Negerikaton
Education today requires students to not only be proficient in academic knowledge, but also to have the ability to think critically and dare to express their opinions clearly, logically, systematically, rationally, and responsibly. Unfortunately, in learning practices, many students are still passive and less involved in classroom discussions. The ability to express opinions is an important aspect that can reflect the character of students who are active, confident, and communicative. This article presents the results of research on the influence of the Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) learning model and the use of digital media (Quizizz) on improving students' ability to express their opinions. The study was conducted at SMAN 1 Negerikaton, involving 141 tenth-grade students out of a total population of 216 students, selected using the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique. The instrument used was a closed-ended Likert scale questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the STAD model has a significant effect of 68.2%, and digital media such as Quizizz has an effect of 56.6% on students' opinion-forming abilities. Together, these two approaches contributed 73.9% to increasing student participation in expressing opinions. The combination of cooperative learning strategies and digital media not only encourages students to speak more actively but also increases social interaction, conceptual understanding, and student confidence. This proves that collaboratively designed technology-based learning can be an effective solution to overcome one-way and boring learning. Therefore, teachers and education practitioners are advised to make optimal use of this strategy in an effort to develop students who are critical thinkers, communicative, and ready to face the challenges of the 21st century.
Self-concept and discipline of students at SMPN 1 Adiluwih Pringsewu
This study aims to determine the effect of self-concept on student discipline at SMP Negeri 1 Adiluwih, Pringsewu Regency. Student discipline is an important factor in supporting learning success, while self-concept reflects an individual's perception of themselves, which can influence behavior and attitudes in the school environment. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population in this study was all students at SMPN 1 Adiluwih, and the sample was taken randomly by stratification. Data collection was conducted through a closed questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used was simple linear regression to determine the extent of the influence of self-concept on discipline. The more positive the students' self-concept, the higher their level of discipline in the school environment. These findings show the importance of strengthening self-concept in efforts to improve student discipline at school. The more positive the students' self-concept, the higher their level of discipline in the school environment. These findings show the importance of strengthening self-concept in efforts to improve student discipline at school. How many words are there in the above sentence? The higher the self-concept of students, the higher their level of discipline at school. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.517 shows that self-concept contributes 51.7% to the variation in student discipline. The remaining 48.3% is influenced by factors other than the research variables, such as family environment, social circle, and the learning system at school.
Understanding Buddhayāna and Kalyānamitta (good friend) in the religious character of Buddhist Youth in North Lombok
The formation of religious character in the younger generation is greatly influenced by a deep understanding of Buddhayāna teachings and the presence of Kalyānamitta. Buddhayāna teachings provide a spiritual foundation, while Kalyānamitta provides important social and spiritual support. This study focuses on the belief that the interaction between the two has a major impact on the religious character of young people. This study explores the influence of understanding Buddhayāna and Kalyānamitta (good friends) on the religious character of Buddhist youth. Religious character is an important aspect in increasing tolerance among fellow human beings. The formation of religious character in the younger generation is greatly influenced by a deep understanding of buddhayāna teachings and the existence of kalyānamitta. Buddhāyāna teachings provide a foundation of spiritual values, while kalyānamitta provides important social and spiritual support. This study focuses on the belief that the interaction between the two has a significant impact on the religious character of the younger generation. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. The number of samples in this study was 60 respondents. The sample was determined using the Proportional Random Sampling technique. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire that measured the level of understanding of Buddhayāna, Kalyānamitta, and Religious Character. The data collection techniques were questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The data were collected through questionnaires that were tested for validity and reliability, then analyzed using multiple regression techniques to test the influence of understanding of buddhayāna and kalyānamitta (good friends) on religious character. In proving and analyzing this, validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests, and f (simultaneous) and t (partial) tests were used. The results of the study show that understanding of buddhayāna and kalyānamitta has a positive and significant effect on the religious character of the younger generation.
Mindful walking as a mindfulness technique and prosocial behavior of students at ekayana ehipassiko school
This study aims to examine in depth the effect of mindful walking practices on the development of prosocial behavior among students at Ekayana Ehipassiko School. Prosocial behavior, which includes empathy, willingness to help, cooperation, and participation in social activities, is a crucial aspect in shaping students' character. The focus of this study is motivated by several problems identified in the school environment, including the tendency of students to be reluctant to help friends who are experiencing academic difficulties, a lack of empathy for the emotional problems of others, a preference for working independently rather than collaborating in groups, and low participation in social activities such as community service and mutual cooperation. In addition, the learning methods that have been applied so far are considered not optimal in fostering prosocial attitudes in students. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a survey method. The research sample consisted of 91 students distributed across three grade levels, namely 32 seventh-grade students, 35 eighth-grade students, and 24 ninth-grade students. Data collection was conducted during the 2024/2025 academic year using research instruments designed to measure the level of mindfulness after practicing mindful walking and students' prosocial behavior tendencies. The results of the statistical analysis showed significant findings. The t-value of 11.597 with a significance level of 0.000 (p < 0.05) indicates a strong influence between mindful walking and an increase in prosocial behavior. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.602 reveals that 60.2% of the variation in students' prosocial behavior can be explained by the practice of mindful walking, while the remaining 39.8% is influenced by external factors such as family environment, parenting patterns, or peer influence. These findings strengthen the empirical evidence that mindfulness-based interventions such as mindful walking can be an effective strategy in fostering prosocial attitudes among students.
Contextual Teaching and Learning Strategies on Student Engagement
This study aims to examine the effect of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) strategies on student engagement in the learning process at the junior high school level. CTL is a learning approach that links subject matter to the real-life contexts of students, thereby encouraging active participation and deeper understanding. Although the CTL approach has been widely applied in various educational contexts, there is still a gap in research that specifically examines its impact on overall student engagement, especially when viewed from cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects simultaneously. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data collection techniques were carried out using a Likert scale questionnaire that had undergone validity and reliability tests. The research sample consisted of 94 ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 21 Pesawaran who were selected using total sampling. Data analysis was performed using simple linear regression to determine the extent of the influence of CTL strategies on student engagement in the learning process. The results showed that CTL strategies had a positive and significant influence on student engagement (p < 0.05). In terms of cognitive aspects, students showed improvement in critical thinking, material exploration, and problem solving. Emotional aspects showed an increase in interest, motivation, and a sense of responsibility for learning. Meanwhile, in terms of behavior, students were more actively involved in discussions, demonstrated good group cooperation, and were disciplined in participating in learning activities. The CTL strategy is also in line with Buddhist teachings, such as in the Kalama Sutta and Sigalovada Sutta, which emphasize reflective, meaningful learning and respect for the role of the teacher. Thus, CTL is recommended as an effective approach to improving the quality of student engagement in the classroom.
Full-moon chanting as transformative Buddhist education: integrating saddhā and moral values formation among Buddhist students
This study examines the role of Full Moon Puja Bhakti as a form of transformative Buddhist education that integrates saddhā (faith) and moral values formation among Buddhist students in East Lampung, Indonesia. In Buddhist teaching, devotional practices such as Puja Bhakti are not only rituals of reverence but also pedagogical spaces that transmit ethical values, strengthen faith, and cultivate spiritual discipline. Within the school and community context, Full Moon observances allow students to internalize Buddhist teachings through chanting, reflection, and collective devotion, fostering a sense of identity and moral responsibility. The research employed a quantitative approach using survey methods. Data were collected through validated questionnaires distributed to Buddhist students actively participating in Puja Bhakti, involving 207 students. Data analysis used the SPSS 26 application. Regression analysis was applied to identify the effect of ritual participation on the strengthening of saddhā and the development of moral values. Findings indicate that Full Moon Puja Bhakti significantly reinforces faith and shapes students' ethical conduct. The practice is an integrative educational tool that unites spiritual devotion with character building. As a result, Full Moon Puja Bhakti can be considered an effective pedagogical model for promoting transformative Buddhist education, ensuring the preservation of saddhā and ethical values within contemporary youth communities.
Burnout and emotional intelligence in academic insecurity among Buddhist students in Bandar Lampung
Buddhist students in Bandar Lampung face academic pressure that can trigger burnout and insecurity about their academic abilities. This study aims to determine the significant influence between burnout and emotional intelligence on academic insecurity among Buddhist students in Bandar Lampung. This study uses a survey method with a quantitative approach. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The research population includes 291 students, and the sample is taken using the Solvin formula and the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for Windows version 27. The results showed a positive and significant influence between burnout and emotional intelligence on academic insecurity among Buddhist students in Bandar Lampung. In this study, burnout influenced academic insecurity. Emotional intelligence also influenced academic insecurity. Simultaneously, burnout and emotional intelligence together influenced academic insecurity. Thus, the higher the level of Burnout, the higher the level of Academic Insecurity experienced by Buddhist students in Bandar Lampung. The findings indicate the importance of strengthening emotional aspects and the need to develop emotional intelligence-based guidance and counseling programs as well as stress management training on campus. These can be used as preventive strategies against the negative effects of Burnout, especially in the context of Buddhist education. The implication of this study is that the influence of Burnout and Emotional Intelligence on Academic Insecurity reinforces the theory that academic fatigue can reduce students' confidence in facing academic demands. Conversely, high Emotional Intelligence has been proven to reduce the level of Academic Insecurity, which is in line with the theory of emotional intelligence which states that an individual's ability to manage emotions can increase resilience to academic pressure.
Self-regulated learning and problem-solving skills in sixth grade students at Ekayana Ehipassiko School South Tangerang
Higher education plays an important role in shaping students' skills, character, and morals. Thus, there is a relationship between students' level of self-regulated learning and their problem-solving abilities. Students with a high level of self-regulated learning tend to have better problem-solving abilities than students with moderate or low levels of self-regulated learning. With self-regulated learning, students can be more independent in the learning process and able to overcome obstacles that may arise when solving problems. This study focuses on sixth-grade students at Ekayana Ehipassiko School BSD City, South Tangerang. This study uses a survey method with a quantitative approach. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The research population included 44 respondents who were sampled from a population using a questionnaire as a data collection tool, which was carefully designed and in accordance with a quantitative approach to measure the level of influence between the two variables. In this study, there was one independent variable, namely self-regulated learning, and one dependent variable, namely problem solving in students. The results of this study show a positive and significant influence of 77.3% between the variable of self-regulated learning and the variable of problem solving in students. The magnitude of this influence can be seen from the results of a simple linear test which found a deterministic R square value of 0.773, which means that self-regulated learning influences problem solving and the remaining 22.7% is influenced by other factors.
Silent sitting and study discipline of students at tri ratna elementary school in Jakarta
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of silent sitting on improving the learning discipline of students at Tri Ratna Elementary School in Jakarta. The problems encountered by students include a lack of seriousness in following lessons, students who are busy with their own activities and do not listen to the teacher's explanations, students who like to run around during teaching and learning activities, students who arrive late at school, and students who like to leave and return to class during lesson time. This study uses a quantitative approach, with a survey method and data processing techniques based on the results of the instrument distribution. To determine the sample size for each class, a proportional allocation of 93 samples was used, consisting of 37 fourth-grade students, 24 fifth-grade students, and 32 sixth-grade students. This research was conducted at Tri Ratna Elementary School in Jakarta, with respondents from grades IV, V, and VI in the 2024/2025 academic year. The results showed that silent sitting had a strong and significant effect on improving learning discipline. This effect indicated that the more often silent sitting was practiced, the better the level of learning discipline that could be achieved. From the regression analysis, it was found that silent sitting played a major role in improving student learning discipline, although there were also other factors that had a smaller influence. These results indicate that silent sitting can be a major factor in creating learning discipline both at school and at home. In addition, there was an increase in students' concentration and self-control after regularly practicing silent sitting. This proves that mindfulness-based relaxation techniques are effective in gradually forming habits of discipline.
Student learning focus in the application of mindful learning in the digital age
Education plays a very important role in shaping character and improving the quality of the learning process, especially amid the challenges of the digital age, which is full of distractions. This study aims to determine the effect of mindful learning on students' learning focus. For example, the issues identified among students include a decline in their ability to maintain focus during learning, high levels of distraction due to the use of digital devices, and low levels of active student participation in class. This study is expected to provide solutions to improve students' focus in order to create a more comfortable and productive learning atmosphere. Mindful learning, which involves learning activities through the practice of samatha Bhavana (meditation for inner peace), can have a positive impact on students' focus on learning. Through learning experiences that emphasize mindfulness, students are gradually trained to manage their attention better, reduce distractions, and increase concentration and active participation in the learning process. This study used a survey method with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The study population included all eighth-grade students, with a sample size of 51 students selected at random. Simple linear regression analysis was used to test the research hypothesis, with the help of SPSS version 27 software to analyze the data. The results showed that mindful learning had a positive and significant effect on students' learning focus. These findings confirm that the practice of mindful learning, particularly through the Samatha Bhāvanā method (meditation for inner peace), can improve students' concentration and active participation in the learning process. Therefore, the integration of mindful learning into the learning process is highly recommended in order to create a more comfortable, conducive, and productive learning atmosphere.
Development of Bikipasi (Bianglala kisah panggung sinaran) as a learning medium sunday school Buddha Dharma Santi East Lampung
This study focuses on the development and feasibility testing of BIKIPASI (Bianglala Kisah Panggung Sinaran) as a non-digital educational medium designed to overcome the limitations of attractive learning media at the Dharma Santi Buddhist Sunday School, East Lampung. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach based on the modified Borg and Gall model, this study followed seven systematic stages to ensure a focused product design and evaluation process. The research subjects were Majjhima Sekha level students, with data collection methods including observation, interviews, expert validation questionnaires, and pretest and posttest tests. These instruments were used to measure the effect of using BIKIPASI on students' understanding of character building themes, particularly the values of honesty and humility. This media has undergone validation by media experts and subject matter experts, obtaining feasibility scores of 98% and 82%, respectively, indicating that BIKIPASI is highly suitable for use. Statistical analysis using a paired sample t-test showed a significant increase in learning outcomes after using this media (p-value < 0.05). These findings confirm that BIKIPASI is capable of improving students' understanding of moral values in a non-digital learning environment. Given the limited access to digital technology in rural areas, BIKIPASI is a practical and culturally responsive alternative. In addition, the flexibility of topics that can be raised makes it an effective tool for educators in implementing active and meaningful learning. This innovation supports a more inclusive and interactive character education, especially in areas that are not yet fully accessible by digital technology.
Performance of Buddhist sunday school teachers and the effectiveness of Buddhist religious education Pesawaran and Pringsewu districts
Teachers play a very strategic role as the front line in the learning process, so that optimal performance is a key factor in achieving educational goals. At Buddhist Sunday Schools in Pesawaran and Pringsewu Regencies, the learning process still faces problems, namely a monotonous, uninteresting, and boring learning atmosphere. This condition is influenced by the ineffective performance of some teachers, such as the use of learning methods that lack variety, ineffective interaction strategies with students, and minimal preparation of materials before teaching. This study aims to analyze the influence of Buddhist Sunday School teachers' performance on the effectiveness of Buddhist learning in the two districts. The research used a quantitative approach with a survey method. A total of 31 Buddhist Sunday School teachers were respondents. The research employed a questionnaire using a Likert scale to measure several indicators of teacher performance, including work discipline, organizational commitment and integrity, work motivation, work culture, educational leadership, teaching quality, and incentives. The findings revealed that work motivation emerged as the strongest aspect of teacher performance. Furthermore, data analysis indicated that teacher performance had a substantial impact on the effectiveness of Buddhist learning, although other factors also contributed. These results highlight that enhancing teacher performance is a crucial component in improving learning effectiveness. Such improvement should not only focus on instructional delivery but also emphasize strengthening teachers’ motivation, commitment, and mastery of teaching materials. In this way, better teacher performance will make a meaningful contribution to the learning development of Buddhist Sunday School students in Pesawaran and Pringsewu Regencies.
Digital adaptation and critical thinking skills in Buddhist religious education at Xaverius 1 junior high school Bandar Lampung
The ability to adapt to technology is not only related to technical skills, but is also believed to be related to cognitive abilities, one of which is critical thinking. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of digital adaptation on critical thinking skills in Buddhist education at SMP Xaverius 1 Bandar Lampung. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method involving 50 students as respondents. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a Likert scale that measured digital adaptation abilities with four indicators, namely the ability to use digital technology, the use of technology for learning, digital information evaluation skills, and the ability to adapt to new technology. The success of education is greatly influenced by the quality of learning that can encourage active involvement and deep understanding in students. However, in practice, many students still show low participation, tend to only memorize without being able to analyze the material critically, and misuse technology for activities that do not support the learning process. The lack of interactive teaching methods discourages students from thinking critically or reflecting on the teachings contextually. This study aims to examine the effect of digital adaptation on students' critical thinking skills in Buddhist Education at Xaverius 1 Junior High School in Bandar Lampung. The results of the study show that there is a positive and significant influence between digital adaptation and students' critical thinking skills. The analysis indicates that digital adaptation has a highly significant influence on students’ critical thinking abilities. This finding suggests that the better students adapt to digital technologies, the more capable they become in analyzing, evaluating, and solving problems logically. Overall, digital adaptation plays a strong role in enhancing students’ critical thinking, although other external factors beyond this study also contribute to shaping these skills.
Analysis of growth mindset and grit in the academic achievement of junior high school students in Pesawaran regency
Academic achievement is the main indicator used to assess the effectiveness of an education system. Until now, student success has often been measured based on cognitive abilities such as intelligence, memory, and logical thinking skills. Various studies have shown that internal non-cognitive factors, such as growth mindset and GRIT, also contribute significantly to students' academic achievement. Growth Mindset refers to the belief that intelligence and ability are not fixed, but can be developed through effort, perseverance, and continuous learning. Students with this mindset tend to be more open to challenges, less afraid of failure, and more enthusiastic about the learning process. Meanwhile, GRIT is a combination of perseverance and consistency of interest in the long term. Individuals with high levels of GRIT are able to maintain their enthusiasm and commitment to their goals, even when faced with various obstacles and failures. Initial observations conducted in several junior high schools in Pesawaran Regency revealed a number of problems related to students' non-cognitive aspects. Many students showed low self-confidence, gave up easily when encountering difficulties, and did not have consistent study habits. This study used a quantitative approach with correlational methods and multiple linear regression analysis. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire distributed to 33 respondents, which was then analyzed to see the relationship and influence between these variables. The results of the study show that a growth mindset contributes 75% to students' academic achievement, while GRIT contributes 51.8%. When these two variables are combined, the results show that both simultaneously have a significant influence on academic achievement.
Development of android game-based learning media "Dhamma quest" on Buddhist symbols at the Dhamma suci Buddhist sunday school
Rapid technological development has brought many significant changes to everyday life, changing people's mindsets and paradigms in seeking information. Nowadays, people no longer rely solely on newspapers and radio but also use other sources of information, one of which is the internet. In implementing learning, it is important to provide supporting teaching materials and resources so that educational goals can be achieved. If learning is only carried out conventionally, students tend to experience boredom and lack of active involvement. This study aims to develop an Android-based learning media in the form of the Dhamma Quest game as a tool to help Buddhist Sunday School students understand Buddhist symbols, as well as to analyze students' responses to its use in increasing their interest and understanding. In addition, this study also assesses the feasibility of the media through expert and specialist validation, as well as determining the influence of the Dhamma Quest learning media on students' interest or motivation to learn. This study also focuses on the development of learning media in the form of the "Dhamma Quest" game on Buddhist symbols at the Dhamma Suci Buddhist temple Sunday school. This study uses a level 3 research and development (R&D) method. The steps used include researching and developing the product. The research subject is the Dhamma Suci Buddhist temple Sunday school. Data collection techniques include observation, product validation observation sheets, and the one-group pretest-posttest method, while the analysis technique uses a paired samples test.The overall assessment results were given by subject matter and media experts, with an average score of 4.56 and a percentage score of 96% in the very feasible category. The limited test results showed that the posttest mean score (81.9) was higher than the pretest score (42.5). With this achievement, the Dhamma Quest media was considered effective in improving students' understanding and feasible for use as learning media for Buddhist symbols.
Project-based learning and student motivation at SMB Dharma Virya Oku Timur
This study aims to determine the effect of project-based learning (PBL) on student learning motivation at SMB Dharma Virya OKU Timur. The problem addressed in this study is based on the low learning motivation of students due to the dominance of conventional learning methods. The research was conducted at SMB Dharma Virya Oku Timur using a quantitative survey method, in which students were divided into a group that applied PBL and a control group that used conventional methods. The research instrument was a learning motivation questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results showed that there was a significant increase in learning motivation among students who participated in project-based learning compared to the control group. The application of PBL contributed significantly to increasing student motivation, activity, and learning achievement. Teachers can also implement several strategies to minimize shortcomings, such as providing a clear structure and sufficient basic knowledge before starting a project, as well as monitoring student progress regularly. The success of student learning can be determined by the motivation that the students themselves have. Students who have high learning motivation tend to have high achievement, whereas students who have low learning motivation will have low learning achievement. The level of motivation can determine the level of effort and enthusiasm a person has for an activity. Thus, the Project-Based Learning model can be an effective and meaningful learning approach for students. Therefore, it can be concluded that project-based learning is effective in increasing student learning motivation and can be used as an alternative learning strategy in schools.
Dharma education and character development of students in retreat activities at Tri Ratna junior high school
Character development is a major focus in education today as it shapes students' personalities. In the current era of globalization, where values of politeness are increasingly fragile, character development plays a vital role in defending the nation's identity and shaping a generation with good morals both in school and in society. Dharma Education is one of the means that can shape students' character, as explained by the moral values contained in Dharma Education, which include discipline, morality, and a sense of responsibility. This study aims to analyze and measure the level of influence of Dharma Education on student character development. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The subjects taken by the researcher were all ninth-grade students at Tri Ratna Junior High School, with a total of 45 respondents located in Taman Sari, West Jakarta. The instrument used was a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The data was analyzed using simple linear regression analysis. The results obtained showed that Dharma Education had a positive influence on student character development, especially in moral and ethical values, as well as in attitudes and responsibility. These findings have broad implications, ranging from the school environment to society as a whole. Based on the results of the research conducted by the researcher, it can be concluded that Dharma Education has a very high positive influence on student character development, especially in moral and ethical values, empathy, and responsibility. Dharma Education serves as an important foundation through retreat activities.
Buddhist values and moral attitudes of Ekayana junior high school students Dharma Budhi Bhakti
The development of students' moral attitudes is an important aspect that needs serious attention in education, especially amid increasingly complex challenges. Teachers and parents are not only tasked with imparting academic knowledge, but also have a role as role models in shaping students' character and moral attitudes. This study aims to determine the influence of Buddhist values on the moral attitudes of students at Ekayana Dharma Budhi Bhakti Junior High School and to measure the extent to which this influence contributes to the formation of students' morals in the school environment. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method as a data collection tool. The research instrument, in the form of a questionnaire, was distributed to 41 respondents, namely junior high school students, using a Likert scale as a measuring tool to assess their level of understanding and application of Buddhist values and their moral attitudes in daily life. The collected data were then analyzed using simple linear regression techniques, with the help of the SPSS version 27 for Windows program to test the established hypotheses. The results showed that there was a positive and significant influence of Buddhist values on students' moral attitudes, with a contribution of 86.9%. This finding indicates that the higher the internalization of Buddhist values such as ethics (sīla), self-control (samādhi), and wisdom (paññā), the more positive the moral attitudes shown by students. This study is expected to be a reference for schools, especially religious-based schools, in developing a character education model that not only focuses on academic aspects but also instills moral and spiritual values comprehensively. That way, the learning process can shape students to have good character, self-control, and act wisely in accordance with religious values.
Inviting bells and focus on learning (Appamāda) for students of Tri Ratna elementary school in West Jakarta
The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of inviting bells on the learning focus of Appamada students at Tri Ratna Elementary School in West Jakarta. The problems faced by the students are a lack of seriousness in attending lessons; some students are still preoccupied with their activities and do not listen to the teacher's explanations, some students like to run around during teaching and learning activities, some students arrive late to school, students feel anxious and nervous, and some students like to come in and out during learning hours. This research uses a quantitative approach, with a survey method and data processing techniques based on the results of instrument distribution. To determine the sample size in each class, proportional allocation was used, totaling 67 students from grade VI. This study was conducted at Tri Ratna Elementary School in Jakarta, with respondents from grades IV, V, and VI, academic year 2024/2025. The research results show that inviting bells have a strong and significant impact on improving learning focus. This influence indicates that the more often the inviting bells practice is conducted, the better the level of focus in learning that can be achieved. From regression analysis, it is known that inviting bells play a major role in enhancing students' learning focus, although other factors also contribute, but to a lesser extent. These results indicate that the practice of inviting bells can be a key factor in helping students become more focused in their learning, both at school and home.
Religious activities of students and understanding of Buddhist teachings at SMB Bodhisattva
Religious activities at Bodhisattva Buddhist Sunday School (SMB), such as devotional worship, meditation, paritta recitation, and religious character building, are an integral part of religious education. However, there is still a gap between the level of student participation in these activities and their understanding of Buddhist teachings. This study aims to analyze the relationship between students' religious activities and their level of understanding of Buddhist teachings at SMB Bodhisattva. The method used is a quantitative approach with a correlational design through a survey technique. The sample was taken saturately from 100 active students at SMB Bodhisattva. The research instrument was a closed questionnaire using a Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation test through SPSS version 26. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between involvement in religious activities and understanding of Buddhist teachings. The indicators of worship and religious character habits contributed the most to this understanding. These findings confirm that consistent religious participation can shape students' understanding of the core values of Dhamma, such as the Four Noble Truths, the Law of Karma, and the Noble Eightfold Path. This study highlights the importance of integrating spiritual experiences into the non-formal Buddhist education process. The practical implications include the need for collaboration between SMB administrators, teachers, parents, and the temple community to create a conducive learning ecosystem for shaping a spiritually and ethically superior Buddhist generation.
Interactive learning media and improving the creativity of Buddhist sunday school students in Tanjung Sari district
This study aims to analyse the influence of interactive learning media on increasing the creativity of Buddhist Sunday School students in Tanjung Sari District. This research departs from the problem of low student activity in discussing, asking questions, and contributing to the learning process. Students tend to be passive because they are less interested in monotonous teaching methods, limited to the use of textbooks as the primary source. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The research population consisted of all 78 students of the Buddhist Sunday School in Tanjung Sari District. The sample was determined using the saturated sampling technique, so that the entire population was used as respondents. Data collection was conducted using a Likert scale questionnaire that had undergone validity and reliability tests. Data were analysed using simple linear regression to test the influence of independent variables on dependent variables, assisted by SPSS software 24. The results of the study show that there is a positive and significant influence of interactive learning media on increasing student creativity. The results of the study indicate that interactive learning media requires careful planning in order to motivate students to be actively involved. Therefore, Buddhist Sunday School teachers need to adapt the use of interactive media to the needs, characteristics, and level of development of students, as well as create a learning climate that supports participation and freedom of expression. Thus, interactive learning media can be an effective means of encouraging creativity, as long as it is supported by the right learning strategies and good communication skills of teachers.
The effect of the SQ3R learning method on reading skills of Buddhist sunday school students’ in west Tulang Bawang Regency
Low interest and reading ability among students remain a major challenge in the learning process, including at the Buddhist Sunday School in West Tulang Bawang Regency. Field observations reveal that many students have difficulty understanding the content of texts, quickly become bored when reading, and have difficulty staying focused and concentrating during the reading process. These problems indicate an urgent need for the application of learning methods that are not only effective and efficient, but also enjoyable and structured, in order to help improve students' reading skills and overall learning motivation. One method that is considered relevant and suitable for overcoming this challenge is the SQ3R method, which stands for Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review. This method is designed to encourage students to actively engage with reading materials through a systematic, gradual, and organised approach, so that students can understand the content of the reading deeply and not just read passively. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the SQ3R learning method on the reading skills of Buddhist Sunday School students and to measure the extent to which this method contributes to improving their reading abilities. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method and involved 44 students as respondents. The instrument used was a Likert scale questionnaire with five indicators corresponding to the stages in the SQ3R method. The results showed that this method had a significant effect, with a contribution of 53.2%, while the remaining 46.8% was influenced by other external factors. These findings confirm that SQ3R is a practical and effective method for improving reading literacy in a religious education setting.
Worship and religious motivation of Ekayana Dharma Budhi Bhakti junior high school students’ north Jakarta
This study aims to analyse the influence of Puja Bhakti on the religious motivation of students at Ekayana Dharma Budhi Bhakti Junior High School, North Jakarta. Puja Bhakti is believed to cultivate a disciplined mind capable of developing kindness and wisdom, thereby reducing the tendency for regret. Religious motivation is understood as an internal drive that compels individuals to practice religious teachings not only on a cognitive level but also through real-life application. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method, with questionnaires distributed to a sample of students as the primary instrument for data collection. Data were analysed using regression analysis to determine the extent to which participation in Puja Bhakti influences students' religious motivation. The findings reveal that students' engagement in Puja Bhakti falls into a high category, with a participation rate of 74.7%. The results indicate a significant positive influence of Puja Bhakti on students' religious motivation. This suggests that active participation in Puja Bhakti can substantially enhance students' commitment to practising their faith. The novelty of this research lies in its focused exploration of the relationship between Puja Bhakti and the development of religious motivation, distinguishing it from prior studies. Consequently, this study contributes meaningfully to the field of religious education by emphasising the role of structured ritual practices in nurturing students' spiritual growth. Moreover, the findings underscore the importance of ritual worship as a practical and experiential strategy for schools to instil religious values effectively within the learning environment.
Metta Bhavana meditation and resilience sunday school students’ at the Girikirti Buddhist temple
This study aims to analyse the influence of Metta Bhavana meditation on the resilience of students at the Buddhist Sunday School of Wihara Girikirti. Metta Bhavana, as a form of mental cultivation in Buddhist teachings, is believed to foster boundless loving-kindness that strengthens both mental and emotional well-being. The research employed a quantitative approach using simple linear regression, involving proportionally selected students. Data were collected through questionnaires designed to measure the level of resilience and the intensity of meditation practice. The findings reveal that Metta Bhavana plays a significant role in shaping students’ mental and emotional resilience. Students who regularly engage in this meditation showed improvements in spiritual aspects, such as self-awareness and inner calm; emotional aspects, such as stress management and emotional stability; and social aspects, such as empathy and interpersonal communication skills. Nevertheless, resilience is also influenced by external factors, including family support, learning environment, and social interactions. These results offer important contributions to the development of Buddhist religious education curricula, particularly in non-formal settings such as Sunday Schools. Integrating Metta Bhavana into structured learning programmes, with the active involvement of teachers, parents, and the community, is considered an effective strategy for strengthening students' psychological resilience in facing life's challenges. Future research is recommended to explore mediating or moderating variables and to employ mixed-method approaches to gain a more comprehensive understanding of students' psychological and social dynamics.
Development of google sites-based learning media using deep learning approach in Buddhist education for grade XI at Negerikaton Pesawaran public senior high school 1
This study aims to develop Google Sites-based digital learning media with a deep learning approach for the Buddhist Religious Education subject in grade XI at SMA N 1 Negerikaton Pesawaran. The background of this study is the dominance of conventional learning methods that do not utilise digital technology, as well as low student motivation and understanding of the material being taught. Therefore, a digital learning medium is needed that is capable of displaying content in an interactive, visual, and flexible manner so that the learning process becomes more interesting, effective, and efficient. This learning medium is expected to support the learning process for students independently and collaboratively, as well as support the achievement of optimal learning outcomes. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) at level 3, namely the product development and evaluation stage. The research subjects consisted of seven Buddhist students in Grade XI. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, validation by subject matter experts and media experts, and using a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design. To measure the effectiveness of the media, the data were analysed using a Paired Sample T-Test statistical test. The results of the validation by the experts showed that this learning media was "highly feasible" for use. Meanwhile, the results of field trials showed an increase in student learning outcomes after using the learning media, as indicated by a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. Thus, Google Sites-based learning media with a deep learning approach is declared feasible and effective as a means of supporting Buddhist Religious Education. The use of this media is also expected to increase motivation, understanding, and a more meaningful learning experience for students.
Self-control and disciplined behaviour of Buddhist students at Gangga North Lombok public junior high school 3
Self-control, or the ability to regulate oneself, is very important to apply in today's era because by having self-control, a person can think more rationally, manage emotions, and act wisely in facing various increasingly complex challenges and temptations in the modern age. This study aims to determine the effect of self-control on the disciplined behaviour of Buddhist students at SMP Negeri 3 Gangga, North Lombok. The problems found include students who are less able to control themselves, such as being rude, often late, skipping lessons, not being responsible for assignments, and not caring about the school environment. This study is expected to improve student discipline in order to create a conducive learning atmosphere and better social ethics in the school environment. Self-control plays an important role in shaping students' disciplined behaviour. With good self-control, students can develop critical thinking skills, evaluate actions, and act more responsibly. This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method on 99 respondents. The respondents in this study were 29 students in Year 7, 28 students in Year 8, and 42 students in Year 9. This study was conducted at SMP Negeri 3 Gangga, North Lombok, with respondents from Year 7, 8, and 9 students in the 2024/2025 academic year. The results of the regression analysis show that self-control has a positive and significant influence on students' disciplined behaviour. However, disciplined behaviour is also influenced by other factors such as family, school, and peer environments. This finding confirms that self-control is an important component in the formation of discipline, but external factors also have a major contribution in shaping students' character and self-development.
Self-directed learning model and student independence in learning Buddhist religion of state senior high school I Tanjung
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the self-directed learning model on the learning independence of Buddhist students at State Senior High School I Tanjung. The problems encountered by students included a lack of initiative in overcoming problems and completing assignments, frequent copying of their friends' answers, a lack of responsibility in completing and submitting assignments, and a lack of discipline in the learning process. This study is expected to increase students' learning independence to achieve maximum learning outcomes. Self-Directed Learning is a learning model that allows students to manage the learning process independently, with initiative and freedom to learn. Through this approach, students can improve their abilities and achieve better learning outcomes. Self-Directed Learning aims to develop knowledge, skills, achievements, and individual development independently. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population in this study consisted of 92 respondents from State Senior High School I Tanjung who were Buddhist students in the 2024/2025 academic year. The results of this study indicate that the Self-Directed Learning model has a positive effect on the learning independence of Buddhist students at State Senior High School I Tanjung. Based on regression analysis, Self-Directed Learning contributes significantly to shaping students' learning independence, while some of their learning independence is influenced by other factors, such as the school environment, family, and peers. This confirms that the Self-Directed Learning model is one of the components in shaping learning independence.
Pancasila Buddhist learning and ethical behaviour students’ at Xaverius 2 Pahoman junior high school in Bandar Lampung
This study aims to determine the effect of Buddhist Pañcasīla learning on the ethical behaviour of students at Xaverius 2 Pahoman Junior High School, Bandar Lampung. The background of this study is the identification of a number of problems, such as the lack of ethical behaviour exhibited by students in their daily lives, their limited understanding of the values contained in Buddhist Pañcasīla, low awareness of the importance of social responsibility, and minimal self-reflection skills, which should be part of student character development. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method as the data collection technique. Data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to predetermined respondents. The sample in this study consisted of 66 students, including 28 seventh-grade students and 38 eighth-grade students in the 2024/2025 academic year. The results showed that Buddhist Pañcasīla learning had a significant and positive effect on improving students' ethical behaviour. The more intensively this material was delivered in the learning process, the more noticeable the improvement in students' ethical attitudes and actions, both at school and at home. Based on the results of linear regression analysis, a contribution of 78.8% was obtained, with the equation Y = 6.247 + 0.062X, while the remaining 21.2% was influenced by other factors. Thus, Buddhist Pañcasīla learning plays a major role in shaping students' character and ethical behaviour in a better and more responsible direction.
Learning Buddhist Pancasila material on the emotional intelligence of Buddhist students at Gangga junior high school 1
Buddhist Pancasila is the five basic moral principles in Buddhism that teach self-control and right behaviour, which play an important role in the formation of emotional and spiritual intelligence. Buddhist religious education that instils Buddhist Pancasila values can enhance students' emotional intelligence, helping them to manage their emotions and behave positively in society. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of teaching Buddhist Pancasila material on the emotional intelligence of Buddhist students at Gangga Junior High School 1. This study uses a quantitative approach, using. To determine the sample size in each class, a professional allocation of 7 samples was used, consisting of 26 seventh-grade students, 38 eighth-grade students, and 23 ninth-grade students. This study was conducted at Gangga Junior High School 1 with respondents from seventh, eighth, and eleventh grades who are Buddhist, in the 2024/2025 academic year. The results of this study show that there is a positive and significant effect of Buddhist Pancasila education on students' emotional intelligence, with a calculated t-value of (p). From these results, it can be interpreted that Buddhist Pancasila education has a positive effect on emotional intelligence. The magnitude of the effect can be seen from the results of a simple linear test, which found an r square value of, meaning that Buddhist Pancasila education has an effect on emotional intelligence.
Buddhist religious counsellors and the development of competencies for Buddhist sunday school teachers in south Lampung regency
This study aims to determine the influence of Buddhist Religious Counsellors in developing the competence of Buddhist Sunday School teachers in South Lampung Regency. The background of this study is based on the low level of competence of BSS teachers, which covers four main aspects, namely pedagogical, personality, social, and professional competence. These suboptimal competencies have a direct impact on the quality of the teaching and learning process and on students' understanding of Buddhist teachings. One of the factors contributing to the low level of teacher competency is the limited number of Buddhist religious instructors, the lack of ongoing training, and the lack of supervision or guidance in teaching practice in the field. This study used a quantitative approach with a simple linear regression analysis method to test the influence between the role of instructors and teacher competency. Data was collected through a closed questionnaire administered to 35 Buddhist Sunday Scool teachers from 11 temples spread across the South Lampung Regency. The results showed that there was a positive influence between the role of Buddhist instructors and the development of Buddhist Sunday School teacher competency. This is evidenced by an R² value of 0.40, which indicates that the role of counsellors contributes significantly to improving teacher competency. Based on these findings, this study recommends optimising the role of Buddhist counsellors through continuous coaching programmes, professional training, and cooperation between counsellors, teachers, and Buddhist religious education institutions. In addition, support from government agencies and religious organisations is essential to improve the quality of human resources in Buddhist education. Thus, the learning process in Buddhist Sunday Schools is expected to be more effective, contextual, and meaningful in accordance with Buddhist values, as well as capable of shaping students' characters in a holistic and balanced manner.
Students' digital literacy levels and their ability to analyse contemporary issues on social media among grade XII students at Tri Ratna West Jakarta
The development of digital technology has changed the way students access and understand information. Digital literacy encompasses not only technical skills, but also critical thinking skills, media ethics, and information evaluation. However, there is still a gap between access to technology and critical understanding among users, especially in distinguishing valid information from hoaxes. Low levels of digital literacy contribute to the spread of disinformation, a lack of awareness of digital ethics, and low student engagement in analysing social issues. This study aims to analyse the influence of digital literacy on students' ability to understand and evaluate contemporary issues circulating on social media. The method used in this study was a survey with a quantitative approach, involving 43 Year 12 students from Tri Ratna High School in West Jakarta as respondents. Data analysis was performed using simple linear regression to measure the relationship between digital literacy levels and the ability to analyse issues. The results show that digital literacy has a positive and significant influence on the ability to analyse contemporary issues. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 92.8% indicates that digital literacy plays an important role in improving students' analytical skills regarding social media content. This study recommends the integration of digital literacy education into the school curriculum to strengthen students' analytical skills.
Mindfulness and cognitive task performance in high school students at Sariputra Jambi
The purpose of this study was to explore and determine the extent of mindfulness's influence on cognitive task performance among students at Sariputra High School in Jambi. As well as what problems often occur among students, there are students who are unable to remember the learning material that has been explained by the teacher during class so that students are able to remember the information that has been explained by the teacher to the students. There are also students who lack concentration when carrying out the learning explained by the teacher during class. There are students who are unable to evaluate all the learning information that has been explained by the teacher to the students. There are students who are unable to analyse information and find the most appropriate solutions. This study used a quantitative approach that is highly relevant to the population data survey method. In this study, there were 88 students, obtained using the proportional random sampling technique. This research was conducted at Sariputra High School in Jambi with respondents from grades X-XII in the 2024/2025 academic year. The technique used was data analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is a very positive and significant effect between mindfulness and cognitive task performance with a t-value of 4.451 and a significance value (p) of 0.000 < 0.05. From the results of the simple regression analysis, an R Square value of 0.187 was obtained. This means that mindfulness has an effect on interpersonal communication of 18.7%, with the remaining 81.3% being influenced by other factors. It is known that the more mindfulness is practised by students, the more it will greatly increase their learning potential and concentration and greatly improve their cognitive task performance.
The synergistic influence of spiritual leadership and mindfulness on organisational behaviour: insights from the Buddhist college context
This study investigates the synergistic influence of spiritual Leadership and mindfulness on organisational behaviour within the context of a private Buddhist college in Medan, Indonesia. Drawing upon theories of leadership, mindfulness, and organisational behaviour, the research employs a quantitative associative design involving 25 respondents, comprising lecturers and administrative staff. Data were collected through standardised questionnaires that measured validated dimensions of spiritual Leadership, mindfulness, and organisational behaviour. The findings demonstrate that spiritual Leadership exerts a positive and significant impact on organisational behaviour, affirming the role of vision, altruistic love, and hope/faith in enhancing intrinsic motivation and organisational commitment. Likewise, mindfulness shows a positive and significant effect, supporting the proposition that conscious awareness, emotional regulation, and empathy foster more harmonious workplace interactions. Together, these variables explain 58% of the variance in organisational behaviour. The results highlight the importance of integrating spiritual values with psychological competencies to build a positive organisational culture. Practically, the study suggests that higher education institutions grounded in religious values should incorporate spiritual leadership development and mindfulness training as strategic interventions to promote harmony, resilience, and productivity within academic environments.