Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani
<p><strong>Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture</strong> publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications in collaboration with the <a title="Collaboration with AJPI" href="http://ajpi.fp.ub.ac.id/index.php?goto=institusiuser" target="_blank"><strong>Association of Indonesian Agricultural Journals </strong></a>(<em>Asosiasi Jurnal Pertanian Indonesia</em> - AJPI). This journal has two issues in a year and it will be published in April and October.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture</strong> is an international scientific journal focused on sustainable agriculture. Referring to its name Caraka Tani (Caraka : messenger; Tani : farmer, farming, agriculture), Caraka Tani has a mission to convey the messages to the world, especially in the developing countries, for carrying out agriculture practices in a sustainable manner by paying attention to 3 main aspects of sustainability; namely: environmental health, economic profitability, and social and economic equity. These aspects are expected to be applied with regard to resources, uniqueness and specific wisdom of every region. Other aspects are also welcome as long as it can be applied in developing countries. This journal covers research in the following areas: agricultural conservation, agricultural ecology, organic farming, agro biodiversity permaculture covering the economic aspects of sustainable agriculture (agribusiness, social-economic agricultural issues, agricultural development, agroindustry), agricultural diversification, soil and water conservation, soil quality and health, agricultural climate, food security, animal welfare, and integrated pest and disease control biologically.</p><p> </p><p>To implement the quality assurance of the journal, the editorial board members were invited from various countries, such as Indonesia, Ghana, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Malaysia, and India. Meanwhile, the authors so far are from many countries such as Indonesia, Ethiopia, Philippines, Belgium, Nigeria, Tanzania, South Africa, Pakistan, South Korea, Tunisia, Ghana, Malaysia, Japan, Bangladesh, Nepal, United Kingdom, India, and Australia. Peer reviewers who have worked in the editorial process come from 36 countries; Indonesia, Rwanda, Nigeria, Tunisia, Ghana, Uganda, Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Islamic Republic of Iran, Romania, Serbia, Italy, Poland, Spain, Belgium, Hungary, Russian Federation, Czech Republic, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Australia, United States, Mexico, and Brazil.</p><p> </p><p><strong><strong>Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture</strong></strong> has been accredited for five years as scientific journal based on<strong> </strong>Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia <a title="SK No 204/E/KPT/2022 dated 3rd October 2022" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jKGeZo1567ewMPj-HD5y1UBKweggBkYi/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><strong>SK No 204/E/KPT/2022</strong></a> dated 3rd October 2022 (<a title="Vol 36, No 2, October 2021" href="/carakatani/issue/view/3362" target="_blank">Vol. 36 No. 2 October 2021</a> until Vol. 41 No. 1 April 2026, see <a title="Certificate Accreditation Caraka Tani SINTA 1" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wZ2WksH5KrYGXKoL9Hi64sWFgjKKFKNe/view?usp=share_link" target="_blank">certificate</a>) and indexed in <strong><a title="SINTA 1 Current Accreditation" href="https://sinta.kemdikbud.go.id/journals/profile/3602" target="_blank">SINTA 1</a></strong>.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture </strong>has been also accepted and listed in <strong><a title="Title evaluation tracking" href="https://suggestor.step.scopus.com/progressTracker/?trackingID=403DBD7998067614" target="_blank">Scopus</a></strong>, <strong><a href="https://doaj.org/toc/2599-2570?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22filtered%22%3A%7B%22filter%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22terms%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%5B%222613-9456%22%2C%222599-2570%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22query%22%3A%7B%22match_all%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%7D%7D%2C%22size%22%3A100%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22created_date%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22_source%22%3A%7B%7D%7D" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals</a></strong> (DOAJ) and Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI).</p><p> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong>Update March 29, 2023 05:00 AM GMT+7 | Published printed issues P-ISSN on web in 2017 since Vol. 16, No. 1, March 2001 <strong>| Activated open journal system since January 2018 <strong>| Published online issues E-ISSN since Vol. 33, No. 1, April 2018</strong></strong></strong></p><center><img style="height: auto; width: 100%;" src="https://i.ibb.co/TM6s1zZ/AJPI-collaboration-Caraka-Tani.png" alt="AJPI-collaboration-Caraka-Tani" /></center>Universitas Sebelas Mareten-USCaraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture2613-9456<p>Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a ‘Author Declaration' (see more information on <a title="Statement of Originality and Copyright Transfer Agreement Form" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1n3YDta6p-beBXRPCUno32trym8Z8kD9u/view" target="_blank">this</a>). <br />An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Author Declaration' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.</p><p> </p><p>The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be transferred to Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture.</p><p> </p><p>This is an open-access journal in accordance with the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank"><strong>Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0</strong> (<strong>CC BY-NC 4.0</strong>)</a> license. This permits users to:</p><p><strong>Share</strong> — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format<br /> <strong>Adapt</strong> — remix, transform, and build upon the material</p><p>Under the following terms:</p><p><strong>Attribution</strong> — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.<br /> <strong>Non Commercial</strong> — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.<br /> <strong>No additional restrictions</strong> — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.</p><p> </p>Utilization of Partially Purified Papain Enzyme in Mallika Black Soybean Tempeh Hydrolysate as Umami Seasoning
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/71093
<p><span lang="EN-US">Tempeh made from Mallika black soybean (<em>Glycine max </em>(L.) Merr. <em>var. </em>Mallika) can be fermented for up to 4 days and can be further optimized by adding partially purified papain enzyme obtained from California variety papaya leaves (<em>Carica papaya </em>(L.) <em>var. </em>California). Enzyme can be added to the hydrolysates to degrade protein into short-chain peptides and free amino acids, contributing to umami taste sensory attributes. The study aimed to determine the best ammonium sulfate fractionation of crude papain enzyme and the best physicochemical characteristics of black soybean tempeh protein hydrolysate. The addition of ammonium sulfate fractionation used was 0% to 80%; fermentation time was 2 to 4 days; and the concentration of enzyme added was 0%(w/v) to 1.5%(w/v). The results showed that the 40% fractioned papain enzyme gave the highest protease activity value (0.98±0.04 U ml<sup>-1</sup>) and most of the papain enzyme was precipitated in this fraction leaving impurities. The black soybean tempeh hydrolysates with 4 × 1% showed the best physicochemical characteristic because it produced the highest umami substance. The best characteristics were moisture content (17.97±0.46%), glutamic acid content (171.58±5.72 mg g<sup>-1</sup>) that was caused by a transamination reaction, dissolved protein content (470.66±19.50 mg g<sup>-1</sup>), degree of hydrolysis (43.64±1.99%) and lightness (46.02±0.97). The umami substance’s amino acids are high in content, such as glutamic and aspartic acids (59.89±0.31 mg g<sup>-1 </sup>and 26.47±0.09 mg g<sup>-1</sup>). Sensory evaluation showed that treatment 4 × 1% demonstrated no significant difference in umami intensity with MSG (monosodium glutamate)</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></p>Leonardo Aditya WihanNuri Arum Anugrahati
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-06-012023-06-0138221522810.20961/carakatani.v38i2.71093Arthropod Community Structure Indicating Soil Quality Recovery in the Organic Agroecosystem of Mount Ciremai National Park’s Buffer Zone
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/69384
<a name="_Hlk128052096"></a><a name="_Hlk128036424"></a><span lang="EN-US">The</span><span lang="EN-US"> Mount Ciremai National Park (TNGC) buffer zone is designed to support conservation efforts. However, agriculture in this area is dominated by conventional farming that excessively uses synthetic fertilizers, which threatens soil quality. Introducing an organic fertilizer and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is expected to enhance soil quality recovery in this area. This study aimed to analyze the differences in soil arthropod communities between organic and conventional agriculture and a forest in the TNGC buffer zone to assess soil quality improvement generated by the application of the organic fertilizer and PGPR. Soil arthropods were collected with Berlese-Tullgren funnels and pitfall traps. Several associated environmental parameters, including soil pH, C-organic, temperature, and moisture, were also measured. Data were analyzed using ecological indices (i.e., richness, diversity, evenness, dominance, similarity) and soil biological quality (QBS-ar). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was performed to examine the relation of arthropods with environmental parameters. In total, 957 individuals of soil arthropods belonging to four classes and 15 orders were recorded. Berlese-Tullgren and pitfall traps resulted in a similar tendency in most variables, with higher richness, diversity, and evenness values in the forest, followed by organic and conventional habitats. In addition, similarity and QBS-ar indicated that forest and organic communities were more similar than conventional community. C-organic, soil moisture and pH were considered the most deciding environmental parameters for arthropod assemblages. All measured variables in this study illustrated better soil quality in organic than in conventional agriculture. This study implicates the benefit of utilizing organic fertilizers and PGPR for soil quality restoration in agroecosystems.</span>Isma Dwi KurniawanIda KinasihRahmat Taufiq Mustahiq AkbarLiberty ChaidirSawaludin IqbalBayu PamungkasZikri Imanudin
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-06-072023-06-0738222924310.20961/carakatani.v38i2.69384Utilization of Cassava-Jicama Composite Flour in Making Gluten-Free Biscuits with Different Types of Fats
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/71993
Biscuits are a commonly consumed bakery product typically using wheat flour as a primary ingredient, rendering them unsuitable for gluten-intolerant consumers. Using cassava as a gluten-free alternative for composite flour in bakery products has been proven effective. Furthermore, jicama, which has high total dietary fiber contents, including inulin, can enhance total dietary fiber content. However, high-fiber ingredients can often produce a tough texture. To address this, fats such as butter and margarine are typically used to enhance the texture of baked products, although the use of shortening still needs to be explored. Both margarine and shortening are vegetable-based, making them more widely consumable. The production of jicama flour and gluten-free biscuits was the focus of this study. This study uses a completely randomized design with two factors: the ratio of composite flour (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40) and the type of fat (margarine and shortening). Analyses were performed on the gluten-free biscuits to determine the total dietary fiber, inulin, fat, moisture, spread ratio, color and hardness. Results indicated that biscuits made with shortening with a flour ratio of 90:10 of cassava to jicama flour are the best formulation, yielding 2.54±0.00% inulin, 6.50±0.10% total dietary fiber, 19.88±0.17% fat, 2.20±0.10% moisture content, 10.03±0.20 spread ratio, lightness (L*) value of 52.53±0.37, °Hue value of 66.78±0.51, and 869.88±16.07 g hardness. This study shows that jicama flour can be an alternative to producing composite flour for gluten-free products. Shortening, which is not commonly used in biscuit making, may be considered an alternative fat source.Richirose RichiroseLucia Crysanthy Soedirga
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-06-142023-06-1438224425910.20961/carakatani.v38i2.71993Effect of Shading Percentage and Potassium Dosages on Growth and Yield of Cutleaf Groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.)
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/72687
Cutleaf groundcherry is a medicinal herbaceous plant that has not been widely cultivated. Adjustment to the light intensities supported by the fulfillment of essential macro-nutrient underlies the agronomic consideration for cropping system determination. The study aimed to examine the growth and yield of cutleaf groundcherry grown under shade nets of various shading percentages and potassium application at different dosages. A split-plot design was used for this pot experiment repeated three times. The main plot was the shading percentages (0, 25, 50 and 75), while potassium dosages (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) were the subplot. The result showed that several growth variables were affected by the interaction between shading percentages and potassium dosage, whereas yield variables were not. Under the high level of shading, leaf number (41% to 50%), leaf area (28% to 50%), and shoot dry weight (70% to 85%) were reduced at all potassium dosages. Potassium dosage at 120 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> was required to achieve better growth under full sun or soft shading. Shading at 50% and upper significantly decreased fruit production by 30% lower fruit number, 50% to 80% lower fruit weight, and 15% lower total soluble solids (TSS). In addition, potassium fertilizer at 120 kg K<sub>2</sub>O ha<sup>-1 </sup>improved fruit weight but did not affect TSS. It can be concluded that cutleaf groundcherry is able to grow well under high intensity of light and need an adequate supply of potassium to improve growth, yield and fruit quality.Wiwin Sumiya Dwi YamikaNurul AiniBudi WaluyoAgus Prayitno Kurniawan
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-06-272023-06-2738226027210.20961/carakatani.v38i2.72687Fiscal Decentralization and Farmer Empowerment in Indonesia-Timor Leste Border: A Case Study of Village Fund
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/67578
Farmers in the border areas often face challenges due to a lack of facilities and sufficient infrastructure. As a nation that shares borders with several countries, the Indonesian government aims to facilitate economic growth in these areas. One viable approach to achieve this objective is through the effective allocation of village funds. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors influencing the empowerment of farmers in the Indonesia-Timor Leste border using village funds. Data were collected using a survey method from 325 household heads, who served as respondents. The collected data were analyzed using the Structure Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results showed that human, social and physical capital owned by farmers on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border had an indirect effect on the strength of empowerment programs funded through village funds. This indicated that apart from implementing policies, the community must also be involved in the planning and implementation of various programs. Furthermore, the central or regional government must play an active role during the designing stages as well as involve farmers and experts in the empowerment process in the Indonesia-Timor Leste border areas.Boanerges Putra SipayungUmbu JokaAchmad Subchiandi MaulanaDennis Mark Onuigbo
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-07-042023-07-0438227328310.20961/carakatani.v38i2.67578Exploring Agricultural Resilience in Volcano-Prone Regions: A Case Study from Mount Merapi, Indonesia
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/72390
Mount Merapi, one of Indonesia’s most active and dangerous volcanoes, experienced a devastating eruption in 2010, causing numerous fatalities and widespread damage to homes and land, especially in areas vulnerable to the volcano’s activity. Despite the inherent risks, many farmers continue to cultivate the region’s land. This study examines the resilience of farmers in the Mount Merapi area in light of the persistent volcanic activity. Employing a qualitative methodology, including in-depth interviews and field observations, the research reveals that farmers’ resilience is shaped by their individual experiences and the contributions of government, private sector, and community actors. Long-term residence in the area has equipped farmers with the knowledge and confidence required to navigate the risks and hazards associated with the volcano. Farmers prioritize their safety but also focus on safeguarding their livestock and other essential resources, which are integral to their livelihoods. The local community is instrumental in supporting farmers and residents in disaster-prone zones, while external organizations offer additional advantages to farmers’ lives. The study proposes that a collaborative effort among all stakeholders is essential for maintaining farmers’ livelihoods in areas susceptible to volcanic activity.Zuhud RozakiMohd Fauzi KamarudinAmmar Abdul AzizMasateru Senge
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-07-152023-07-1538228429610.20961/carakatani.v38i2.72390Growth, Yield and Fatty Acid Profile of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) Seeds with Shoot Pruning and Additional Fertilizer
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/73599
Winged bean is a remarkable climbing plant, distinguished by its multiple segments that serve as growth sites for shoot, leaf and flower. Several studies have shown that the plant requires shoot pruning to increase the production of its flower buds, pods and seeds, but this practice can inhibit the generative phase. To overcome this challenge, the application of additional fertilizer is needed to provide the required nutrients. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effects of shoot pruning and additional fertilizer on the growth, yield and bioactive compounds of winged bean seeds. The determination of the proper rates of fertilization was important for plant production and to support sustainable agriculture. The study procedures were carried out at IPB experimental station in Leuwikopo, IPB University, Bogor. A Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was utilized with two factors and three replications, namely leaf pruning (without shoot pruning, 15 cm, and 30 cm from the ground) and additional fertilizer (0, 6.25, 12.5 and 18.5 g NPK 16-16-16 plant<sup>-1</sup>). The parameters observed included plant height, leaf nutrient, root length, yield, leaf number, as well as protein and fatty acid profile of seeds. The results showed that shoot pruning treatment and additional fertilizer had no interaction effect on plant growth and seed yield. Shoot pruning caused an increase in leaf number, fatty acid and linoleic acid content by 17% to 20%, 10%, and 16% to 19%, respectively, compared to the control. The use of additional fertilizer at a concentration of 6.25 to 12.5 g NPK (16-16-16) plant<sup>-1</sup> increased leaf number, nutrients, and seed yield. Based on the findings, the highest seed yield (2.56 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>) was achieved with the application of additional fertilizer at the rates of 6.25 g NPK (16-16-16) plant<sup>-1</sup>, but shoot pruning was not required.Isna TustiyaniMaya MelatiSandra Arifin AzizMuhamad SyukurDidah Nur Faridah
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-08-152023-08-1538229730710.20961/carakatani.v38i2.73599Identification of Morpho-Physiological and Yield Traits of Sweet Corn Hybrids at Various Shade Levels
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/73567
The selection of shade-tolerant sweet corn under intercropping conditions is necessary to provide adaptive superior cultivars for agroforestry systems. Until recently, there have not been many reports of superior varieties of sweet corn tolerant to low light. This study aimed to determine the differences in the morphological, physiological and production responses of 25 hybrid sweet corn genotypes to low light intensity. This study used a nested design with three replications. The factors tested were the shade level (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%) and the genotype of hybrid corn. The results showed that most of the hybrid corn genotypes tested showed an increase in production at 25% shade, while at 50% and 75% shade, they showed a decrease in production. Based on relative production at 25% shade, the genotypes can be split into three groups: sensitive, moderate and tolerant. The tolerant genotype including F1 T8-2A x SM12-2 (G6); Exotic (G13); Talenta (G15); Golden boy (G16); F1 SM12-2 x T9-2 (G20) provided the highest increase in morpho-physiological characters and yields compared to the moderate and sensitive. In all genotype groups, morphological variables (number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter and relative growth rate), physiological variables (stomata conductance, photosynthetic rate, and total dissolved solids (TDS)), and yield variables (length, diameter, number, weight and unhusked weight of ears) were significantly higher in the no-shade than in the shaded conditions. These findings can be used as a basis for sweet corn planting recommendations under shade condition areas such as in agroforestry systems.Endah Dwi SusantiMuhamad Achmad ChozinArya Widura RitongaDwiwanti Sulistyowati
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-09-022023-09-0238232733810.20961/carakatani.v38i2.73567A Multi-Criteria Sustainability Assessment of Mediterranean Rainfed Farming Systems using the IDEA Method: A Moroccan Case Study
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/75853
Sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions faces unique challenges that require targeted assessment and intervention. Addressing the knowledge gap in this context, the current study evaluates the sustainability performance of 50 rainfed farms in the Zaër Region of northwestern Morocco using the innovative <em>Indicateurs de Durabilité des Exploitations Agricoles</em>/IDEA method (indicators of farming systems sustainability), which encompasses agro-ecological, social and economic criteria to assess the three pillars of sustainability. Customized assessment criteria and a tailored scoring system, specific to the region’s context, are employed, resulting in a comprehensive grid with 18 indicators across nine components. Data analysis and visualization were facilitated using statistical methods and an Excel macro. The findings reveal limitations in the sustainability of the surveyed farms. Socio-territorial factors, including issues with product quality, insufficient farmer training, limited workforce mobilization and low social involvement, contribute to the overall sustainability challenges. Agroecologically, low crop diversification, inadequate space management, and excessive reliance on chemical inputs are identified as areas of concern. On the economic scale, low specialization levels hinder economic viability despite some financial autonomy. The study emphasizes the need for interventions to enhance sustainability in rainfed agrosystems. Recommendations are provided to address socio-territorial constraints, improve agricultural practices, and promote economic viability. The findings have implications for policymakers, farmers and stakeholders, offering valuable insights for prioritizing strategies and actions to achieve sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions.Fatiha HakimiFatima Zahra Hamdoun
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-09-112023-09-1138233935810.20961/carakatani.v38i2.75853Cocopeat Perlite Mixture as an Alternative for Rooted Cuttings Growth Medium of Impatiens hawkeri x platypetala in Indonesia
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/73876
<p><em>Impatiens hawkeri x platypetala </em>rooted cuttings are typically cultivated using rice husks as a substrate. However, due to the poor water-holding capacity of this medium, <em>Impatiens</em> grows slowly in this environment. A viable alternative is the cocopeat perlite mixture which has a better water-holding capacity compared to the rice husk. Currently, there is no sufficient information available regarding the best growth medium to improve the quality of <em>I. hawkeri x platypetala</em> rooted cuttings in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain the best medium for quality rooted cuttings <em>I. hawkeri x platypetala</em>. The method employed was a randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor was the <em>Impatiens</em> varieties consisting of Impala Agrihorti, Imadata Agrihorti, and Lavender, while the second was the growth medium, comprised of four levels namely rice husk (control), as well as a mixture of cocopeat with 3%, 5% and 8% perlite. The result showed that there was no interaction between varieties and growth medium. The mixture of 3% perlite in cocopeat exhibited better outcomes compared to other treatments. This medium increased the number and length of roots, stem diameter, plant height, leaves thickness, leaves number and survival rate. Therefore, the addition of 3% perlite in cocopeat could replace the rice husk as a rooted cutting growth medium for <em>I. hawkeri x platypetala</em>.</p>Herni ShintiaviraMinangsari DewantiFitri RachmawatiYati NurlaeniDani NurdinaSadli SadliSafani AriyantikaSuskandari Kartikaningrum
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-09-112023-09-1138235937010.20961/carakatani.v38i2.73876Value Chain Analysis of the Broiler Industry in the Southern Sector of Ghana
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/74187
<p>The livestock subsector especially broiler production plays a significant role in the livelihood and food security in Ghana. Several researchers in developing nations have employed value chain methodologies to investigate the linkages and the interactions of the various actors in the poultry sector. However, none of these studies comprehensively captured each actor’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, as well as the governance structure and profitability of the broiler industry. This paper fills this gap by analyzing the governance structure, value addition, determinants of profitability and prospect of the broiler industry using 290 respondents (180 broiler producers, 65 distributors and 45 retailers) from the Greater Accra, Ashanti and Bono Regions of Ghana. The study adopted the scoring analytical technique, net farm income (NFI), the modified Cobb-Douglas function and the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) matrix for the analyses. The results revealed producers as the key governors with the highest value addition and return on investment. Distributors and processors on the other hand form informal cartels to monopolize their activities to increase bargaining power. Whilst credit access, education, business training, age and feed type influenced profitability, the broiler industry is threatened by high importation of frozen chicken, high taxes, lack of capital access and high cost of operation. The study recommends that the government should pursue measures to minimize the cost of operations through input-tax exemptions and reduce the importation of chicken products. Stakeholders should invest in input supply, processing technologies and transportation facilities to boost local production for profit gains.</p>Edward Ebo OnumahSarah Naa Okailey MensahPrince Addey OwusuAmos MensahPeter Boamah Otokunor
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-09-202023-09-2038237138610.20961/carakatani.v38i2.74187Macronutrient Contents and Yield of Cocoa Resulting from Two Different Rejuvenation Techniques
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/57674
Cocoa (<em>Theobroma cacao </em>L.) is one of Indonesia’s leading and important export commodities. The cocoa plant rejuvenation techniques aim to increase cocoa production and quality. Ring budding and side grafting can rejuvenate old and unproductive cocoa plants. Therefore, this research was conducted with objectives: 1) to record macronutrient contents, yield components and yields of three cocoa clones, KKM 22, RCC 70 and RCC 71, rejuvenated with ring budding and side grafting, 2) to determine the best techniques in rejuvenation program for old cocoa stand based on nutrient contents, yield components, and yields indicators of three cocoa clones. This research was carried out from November 2020 to January 2021 at Cocoa Plantation, North Segayung Production Unit, Pagilaran Company. The results showed that ring-budded plants had the highest N nutrients content in leaves, stem organic-C production capacity, pods number per stand per year, dry weight bean per stand per year and dry weight bean per hectare per year, which was significantly better than side grafted plants. The macronutrient of total parts (leaves, stem, and root) trend was leaves > stem > root. The trend of macronutrients in cocoa were organic-C > N > Ca > K > Mg > P. Based on the macronutrient content of cocoa tissue, KKM 22 have a higher content of organic-C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg compared to RCC 71 and RCC 70. The budding ring technique was the best in the rejuvenation program for old cocoa stands based on nutrient contents, yield components, and yield indicators of three cocoa clones.Radhika Pingky MeilaniEka Tarwaca Susila PutraDidik Indradewa
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-09-202023-09-2038238740310.20961/carakatani.v38i2.57674Carbon Stock, Carbon Fraction and Nitrogen Fraction of Soil Under Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper Back.) and Non-Bamboo Vegetation
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/75881
<span lang="EN-US">The type of vegetation and soil organic matter affect the carbon fraction, nitrogen fraction and soil carbon stocks that contribute to the global carbon cycle. Therefore, the calculation of the composition of the fractions in different land covers is very important as a potential indicator of the effect of land management practices on soil organic carbon dynamics and supports the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and soil carbon storage. This research aimed to determine the composition of the carbon fraction, nitrogen fraction and soil carbon stock in different land cover. There were six types of land cover with vegetations of 10-year-old bamboo, 30-year-old bamboo, 50-year-old bamboo, bulrush, a mixture of brushwood and bulrush, and a mixture of <em>Albizia falcataria</em> and brushwood, each of which was sampled three times. Soil samples were used to determine microbial biomass, particulate organic, humic acid, fulvic acid and soil carbon stock. The six land cover types showed significant differences in all fractions and soil carbon stocks. Fifty-year-old bamboo vegetation has the highest carbon storage of 0.029 g g<sup>-1</sup> soil. The stable carbon fraction, in the form of humic acid and fulvic acid, in 50-year-old bamboo vegetation is more excellent than that in other vegetation. This study shows that 50-year-old bamboo vegetation has the potential to sequester carbon and store carbon in forms that decompose slowly, namely humic acid and fulvic acid, in the soil for a longer period.</span>Lintang Panjali Siwi PambayunBenito Heru PurwantoSri Nuryani Hidayah Utami
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-09-202023-09-2038240442010.20961/carakatani.v38i2.75881Fruit Morphology and Nutritional Composition of Different Genome Groups of Six Bananas Cultivars from Bali Island
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/74941
Bali is home to at least 43 banana cultivars, each serving a wide range of purposes. To support its future development, there is a need to obtain essential information on the morphological and nutritional characteristics of these bananas for domestic needs and the tourism market. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the fruit morphology and nutritional composition of six local Balinese banana cultivars mainly consumed on Bali Island, namely Pisang Mas (AA), Buluh (AAA), Lumut (AAA), Susu (AAB), Raja (ABB) and Kepok (ABB) genomes. The observation of fruit morphology followed the guidelines of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute method for bananas. The nutritional composition was analyzed using standard methods by measuring the proximate composition, vitamin C and concentrations of minerals K, Ca, Fe and P. Based on the morphological relationship coefficient values, it was discovered that all banana cultivars were closely related. Dessert bananas of Pisang Mas, Buluh, Lumut and Susu shared a close relationship with their ancestor <em>Musa acuminata</em>, which contributed to the ‘A’ genome. Meanwhile, Pisang Raja, which could be employed as a dessert or cooking banana, and Pisang Kepok as a cooking banana, exhibited a closer relationship. Various cultivars showed different nutritional compositions in their fruits. In every 100 g of edible portion, the nutrient values of the six bananas contained high carbohydrates and total energy, abundant vitamin C and K, moderate total fibers and protein, as well as low fat and Fe. Based on the nutritional composition, six Bali banana cultivars were found suitable as valuable ingredients in alleviating food insecurity or as dietary components.I Nyoman RaiNi Nyoman Ari MayadewiI Wayan WiraatmajaNi Komang Alit Astiari
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-09-222023-09-2238242143210.20961/carakatani.v38i2.74941The Potential of Rhizophagus intraradices, Bacillus thuringiensis Bt BMKP and Silica for Anthracnose Disease Control in Shallot
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/76536
Anthracnose caused by <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em> is a prevalent disease that poses a significant threat to shallot production in Indonesia. To mitigate this issue, the use of biological agents presents an alternative for disease control, reducing the inherent risks associated with the use of chemical pesticides. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the potentiality and mechanism of the biological agents (<em>Rhizophagus intraradices</em> and <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>) combined with silica. These agents were evaluated both individually and in combination to suppress the development of anthracnose in Tajuk variety shallot. The study was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse, arranged in a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. The ability to suppress pathogenic fungi was determined based on <em>in vitro</em> antagonism tests of <em>B. thuringiensis</em>, disease severity, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers and the percentage of mycorrhizal fungal infections. Furthermore, the mycorrhizal infection on plant roots was observed using staining methods. The results showed that the <em>Bt</em> BMKP isolate was included in the <em>B. thuringiensis</em> strain RC9 group with the capacity to inhibit <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> <em>in vitro</em> by 18.88%. The combination treatment of <em>R. intraradices</em>, <em>B. thuringiensis</em> and silica reduced infection from anthracnose by 15.52% compared with control. These three treatments also significantly increased the agronomic performance of shallot up to six weeks after planting compared to control and other treatments.Rizky AmalliaSuryanti SuryantiTri Joko
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-09-222023-09-2238243344610.20961/carakatani.v38i2.76536Assessing N2O Emissions from Tropical Crop Cultivation in Mineral and Peatland Soils: A Review
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/75235
<p>Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions from agricultural activities contribute significantly to global warming. Understanding the factors influencing N<sub>2</sub>O emissions is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies. This review assesses N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from various crops cultivated in tropical mineral and peatland soils, providing insights into the impact of land use, fertilization practices and rainfall on N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes. Field measurements of N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes were conducted in agricultural fields growing corn, peanuts, and cassava in Bogor Regency, West Java Province, as well as in peatland areas with Acacia plantations and natural primary forests in Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. The study assesses the total N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes for each crop and land type, revealing significant variations in N<sub>2</sub>O emissions among different crops and land uses. Peatland areas exhibit higher emissions compared to mineral soils, emphasizing the need for targeted mitigation measures in these ecosystems. The findings highlight the importance of considering the type and age of land use when evaluating N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Land management practices, such as fertilizer use and soil disturbance, emerge as critical factors affecting N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Improper fertilizer application and excessive soil disturbance can lead to increased N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, underscoring the necessity for careful N fertilizer management and conservation tillage techniques.</p>Suwardi SuwardiDarmawan DarmawanGunawan DjajakiranaBasuki SumawinataNourma Al Viandari
Copyright (c) 2023 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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2023-08-182023-08-1838230832610.20961/carakatani.v38i2.75235