EARTHQUAKE MITIGATION BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM : THE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE CONCEPT OF DASAN BELEQ TRADITIONAL HOUSE IN NORTH LOMBOK-INDONESIA

Lombok Regency is one of the zones with a high earthquake hazard potential in Indonesia. However, as an area located in that city, Dasan Beleq Hamlet, Gumantar village did not get any physical damage by the disaster in 2018. The customary system and local wisdom in building houses applied by the society supported their houses to have earthquake resistance. This study aimed to investigate the local wisdom portrayed in the Dasan Beleq traditional houses for earthquake mitigation purposes. This research was a descriptive qualitative study conducted from September to December 2020. The result showed that the local wisdom of the traditional houses was represented by their materials and construction techniques. Techniques for connecting ropes and pegs between poles, roof, poles, and floors were arranged using natural resources and settled semi-permanently based on some believed rules of building earthquake-resistant houses. The people also maintained the local wisdom and customary values by applying some special guidelines and rituals in the process of building their houses.


As one of the regions in Central
Indonesia, Lombok had a high level of earthquake risk potential (Pradono, 2018), supported by the data from the National Earthquake Study Center Team, which recorded the disaster that occurred on July 29 to August 31, 2018. At that time, the earthquake with a magnitude of 6.9 SR happened three times, with 484 times aftershocks. The successive earthquakes were most likely caused by the same fault system activities, namely local faults outstretched along the north coast of Lombok Island (Karima et al., 2020). and social facilities that could no longer be used (Nugroho, 2018). Furthermore, deaths, thousands of injured victims, and refugees (Wismabrata, 2018).
The earthquake was a disaster caused by volcanic and tectonic activities affecting the earth's surface movement.
The release of energy from the earth's core both volcanically and tectonically affected sudden and unavoidable actions (Husein, 2015;Nur, 2010). This condition required people to always be ready for disaster mitigation efforts for the sake of reducing the losses; one of the means was by building earthquakeresistance construction through considering the local wisdom.
Local wisdom could be understood as a view of life and knowledge as well as several life strategies portrayed in some activities carried out by local communities to answer many problems in fulfilling their daily needs (Dahliani et al., 2015;Marlina et al., 2020). (Hairumini et al., 2017) (Suparmini et al., 2014). Several studies had also proved that since the 1970s, local wisdom could increase society's preparedness for facing natural disasters (Zulfadrim et al., 2018).
That was also reinforced by the fact that some earthquake-prone areas in Data analysis was carried out through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions as shown in the Figure 1 . stone, wood, and bamboo was seen as a human adaptation to nature (Ibrahim, 2011;Rapoport, 1969 The main foundation wood which is carved and equipped with supporting stones and the pile of palm fibers between the parts gives the building strength when there is vibration on the ground.

Rope and bamboo
Between the parts of the house put together using rope and bamboo as a peg (substitute for nails). This technique makes the house flexible between parts so that it is able to follow the ground motion when an earthquake occurs. Each part of the building supports each other and withstands shaking when an earthquake occurs.

Roof
Alang-alang leaves The alang-alang leaf material which is light in nature and its distinctive preparation technique make the roof of the house not easily collapse when an earthquake occurs.

Types of traditional house buildings
There are five types of traditional houses (Bale) which are differentiated according to their function Rituals before house construction Implementation of Diwasa, namely the ritual of looking for a good day to start the process of building a traditional house in Dasan Baleq Hamlet The ritual of selecting traditional house materials Purify traditional house building materials that come from nature. Purification is carried out by praying together, reading yasin and tahlil, and other traditional religious rituals. Selection of the location for the construction of a traditional house The customary elders will lead and determine the best location to build a traditional house.. The purpose of this ritual is to place the traditional house in the right place so that it does not present a danger to its occupants.

Prohibition of building houses back to back
The indigenous people of Dasan Beleq are prohibited from building houses with their back to back. These rules are established so that each community respects and appreciates each other. Prohibition of lighting large fires during the dry season People are not allowed to light big fires during the dry season to avoid fires. This is because the house building materials made of nature are prone to burning. Does not use electricity The people of Dasan Beleq Hamlet maintain local wisdom by not using electricity in their lives.  (Sukawi & Zulfikri, 2010).