RETURN MIGRATION DURING CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) OUTBREAK IN SPECIAL REGION OF YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

Population mobility during pandemic becomes the concern for government since COVID-19 has known spreading through droplets. Special Region of Yogyakarta is one of the provinces in Indonesia that is dealing with the problem of population mobility, especially in return migration during the pandemic. This study aims to give short analysis on the potency of return migration. This study is essential both for academic and practitioner in managing population mobility during pandemic. The analysis was supported by statistical data from Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, news, and related journals. This study confirms that return migration during the pandemic plays a role in causing new transmission centers. It means that migrants have a role in carrying the virus, in which the severity of its spread is determined by the interactions between infected migrants and local community and between infected local community and other local community. Lockdown in the local level such as villages is considerably more effective rather than massive travel bans in regional level. Local lockdown is considered to be more effective because it makes easy in controlling and also give little impact to the economic condition. Social capital and grassroot involvement is key to stop this pandemic.

high population mobility rate has accelerated the spread of a virus (Saker et al., 2004). Historically population mobility or migration has long been considered as a contributing factor in the spread of infectious diseases (Kraemer et al., 2019;Saker et al., 2004). (Soto, 2009) stated that migration creates opportunity to the spread of infectious disease. Migration has long been known as a source of epidemics and partly influences the outcome of a conflict or social change (Wilson, 2005). (Saker, Lance; Lee, Kelley; Cannito, Barbara; Gilmore, Anna, Campbhell-Lendrum, 2018) argues that migration brings a person into contact with new microbes and vectors, new gene assemblages, immunological structures, cultural preferences, behavioral patterns, and technology, which influence the risk of transmission. In the case of SARS in 2004, (Ali & Roger, 2008) stated that the movement of people between global city gave big role in the spread of this virus in Beijing, Hong Kong, Toronto, Singapore, and Taiwan; this case also happened on the spread of HIV in the center of city which have high population mobility (Gould, 1999).
Potential outbreaks of pandemics caused by migration have led many countries to limit population mobility.
China was the first country that applied a total restriction on all population mobility activities through its regional quarantine policy, which was then followed by other countries, such as Italy, France, some areas in Singapore, and Spain. The purpose of limiting population mobility is to reduce transmission of COVID-19 so that the number of patients does not exceed the capacity of the hospital. However, many countries do not fully implement regional quarantine policies, such as Indonesia, South Korea, and some states in the United States.
Indonesia is one country that was also infected by COVID-19 as of May 3, 2020, and 11,192

B. MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study used the data of COVID-19 in the Special Region of Yogyakarta that periodically published via website (Corona.jogjaprov.go.id, 2020). The data included demographic data of patients with positive coronavirus, transmission models, and travel history carried out by these patients. In addition to using data on the number of patients with positive COVID-19, this study also used daily migration data during the pandemic obtained from the Yogyakarta Transportation Agency. The COVID-19 cases and migration data during this pandemic were then processed using descriptive statistics with graphs, tables, and crosstabs. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, median, and modus is useful to figure out the general data and explore new information without any purpose to find statistics correlation. Table, graphs, and crosstab was chosen to represent data and help analysis easily.
Moreover, the analysis method used in this study is descriptive analysis, according to (Gabor, 2010) descriptive analysis has advantage in giving multidimensional analysis that are strong and effective in explaining new phenomenon/facts.

Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY)
is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has a high potential for the explosion of COVID-19 cases since it is located in Java, close to provinces with the epicenter of COVID-19 in Indonesia, including Jakarta, West Java, and East Java. On the other hand, inter-regional population mobility in Java also occurred very intensively during the outbreak. Based on data from the Task Force for the Acceleration of COVID-19 Mitigation in DIY, on March 25-30, 2020, there were 70,875 migrants entering the DIY region (Pertana, 2020a). Even after a ban on migration by the government, there was still an increase of 7,000 people (Priatmojo, 2020b). This condition can certainly increase the risk of an explosion of COVID-19 cases in DIY if migrants can really play a role in spreading the plague.
Therefore, to answer this question, this study aims to determine whether return migration during the COVID-19 pandemic can play a role in the spread of the virus and how the process explains it.

Profile of COVID-19 Cases in DIY
The number of COVID-19 cases in DIY is not same among regencies, in which there are regencies with a high number of COVID-19 cases while others are low    ODP on April 9, 2020.

in DIY?
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