COMMUNITY VULNERABILITY LEVELS IN THE COASTAL AREA OF PARIAMAN BEACH IN FACING EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS

This study aims to obtain data, process, analyze and discuss the Community Vulnerability in the Coastal Areas of Pariaman City in Earthquake Disaster Mitigation. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The population in this study are villages along the coast of Pariaman. Total population of 1117 households (KK). Sampling of respondents based on Proposional Random Sampling, namely 10% of the total population, so that the respondents totaled 117 people. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive qualitative data analysis used frequency and percentage tables. The results of this study indicate the level of community vulnerability in the coastal area of Pariaman in earthquake mitigation shows a high vulnerability category. The general public must always be given outreach on a regular basis to be able to understand about knowledge before a disaster, during a disaster and after a disaster.


A. INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is geographically located in an area prone to natural disasters.
Geographically, Indonesia is at the confluence of three active plates in the world, namely the Eurasian, Indo-Australian and Pacific plates (BNPB, 2015).This resulted in a large number of volcanic and tectonic activities, some of which resulted in subsequent disasters such as tsunamis.(LIPI-UNESCO/ISDR, 2006) Identified the most frequent disasters in Indonesia such as floods, droughts, forest and land fires, hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, technology, technological failures, and epidemic disasters (Maryani & Yani, 2001).(Aydan, 2008) States that Indonesia has experienced thousands of earthquakes and hundreds of tsunamis in the last four earthquakes in a hundred years.In Indonesia as a whole, no sea coast in Indonesia is safe from tsunamis except the west coast of Kalimantan and the east coast of Sumatra (Muhari, Diposaptono, & Imamura, 2007).
The pattern of development and activity centers which are mostly located in coastal areas causes the level of vulnerability to disasters to be very high in the majority of regions in Indonesia.The potential hazards of this natural disaster are large-scale accompanied by the vulnerability of social conditions, infrastructure, economy, policies, and local bureaucracy as an effect of their complexity and rapid growth (Chikoto, Sadiq, & Fordyce, 2013).This resulted in the largest number of coastal districts in tsunami prone areas which often neglected aspects of natural disaster mitigation in their development.
West Sumatra Province is located on the west coast of the island of Sumatra, which has historically been well known as a disaster-prone area, especially earthquakes (Alfi, Darsiharjo, & Maryani, 2019).This vulnerability is inversely proportional to the community's low vulnerability in the face of an earthquake.
Meanwhile, the domination of population activities is mostly centered in coastal areas (Danny Hilman Natawidjaja, 2007).
The earthquake hazard that threatens the There are three factors that influence this condition.First, socio-culture and human resources in facing the crisis, the second is economic aspects related to poverty levels, access to basic food, and types of work, and the third aspect of infrastructure and housing (Bullock, Haddow, & Coppola, 2013).The  Lanka, 2001), (Mileti, 1999), (Cutter, Boruff, & Shirley, 2003), (Cardona, 2005)

B. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The method used in this study is a survey research method with a qualitative approach.(Kankam, 2020 in Creswell) defines qualitative research as "an approach for exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem".

C. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Table 1 shows that education affects the level of vulnerability of society after analyzing the results of the measurement can be categorized as moderate with respondents who answered as many as 58 people (49.6%).For more details, see Figure 1.

Genre Factors Affecting Vulnerability Levels
The vulnerability of society in terms of genre can be seen in Table 2. Table 2. Shows that the factors of different genres affect the level of vulnerability of society.After analyzing the measurement results can be categorized as high with respondents who answered as many as 67 people (57.3%).For more details, see Figure 2.

Age Factors Affect Vulnerability Level
The vulnerability of the community in terms of age can be seen in Table 3. Table 3. Shows that the age factor affects the level of community vulnerability.After analyzing the measurement results can be categorized as high with respondents who answered as many as 75 people (64.1%).For more details, see Figure 3.

Marital Status Factors Affecting Vulnerability Levels
The vulnerability of the community seen from their marital status can be seen in Table 4. Source: Primary Data Processing, 2018 Table 4. Shows that the factor of marital status affects the level of vulnerability of society.After analyzing the measurement results can be categorized as high with respondents who answered as many as 57 people (48.8%).For more details, see Figure 4.

Livelihood
Factors Affecting Vulnerability Levels Community vulnerability in terms of livelihood can be seen in Table 5.Source: Primary Data Processing, 2018 Table 5. Shows that livelihood factors influence the level of vulnerability of the community.After analyzing the measurement results can be categorized as high with respondents who answered as many as 77 people (65.8%).For more details, see Figure 5.

Economic Factors Affecting the Level of Vulnerability
The vulnerability of society seen from economic factors can be seen in Table 6.Source: Primary Data Processing, 2018 Table 6.Shows economic factors affecting the level of community vulnerability.After analyzing the measurement results can be categorized as high with respondents who answered as many as 84 people (71.8%).For more details, see Figure 6.

Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Vulnerability Levels
Community vulnerability seen from the socio-culture can be seen in Table 7. Source: Primary Data Processing, 2018 Table 7. Shows the socio-cultural factors affecting the level of vulnerability of the community.After being analyzed the measurement results can be categorized as moderate with respondents who answered as many as 50 people (42.7%).For more details, see Figure 7.

Infrastructure Factors Affecting Vulnerability Levels
The vulnerability of the community in terms of infrastructure can be seen in Table 8.Table 9. Shows the preparedness factors affecting the level of community vulnerability.After being analyzed the measurement results can be categorized as moderate with respondents who answered as many as 64 people (54.7%).For more details, see Figure 9.
, and (Wisner, Blaikie, Cannon, & Davis, 2003), who Among other things, emphasizing the need to conduct a community vulnerability assessment in the micro scope to determine the level of risk it will face.Who published the BBC framework for vulnerability assessment linked disaster risk reduction to efforts to build community capacity (Amri, Bird, Ronan, Haynes, & Towers, 2017).Community capacity building can be carried out through various activities, including: 1) dissemination of disaster impacts and hazards; 2) education to the public regarding disaster hazards; and 3) disaster mitigation carried out by related parties.The main hope is to reduce the impact of disasters on society in both material and non-material forms (Carley, Malik, Landwehr, Pfeffer, & Kowalchuck, 2016).Then the final goal is to foster a culture and awareness of disasters in the midst of the Pariaman community so that they are always able to face various possibilities during disasters.This encourages researchers to conduct research that aims to determine the level of vulnerability of coastal communities in the city of Pariaman in the face of earthquakes.
conduct in-depth studies about a broad array of topics"(Kankam, 2020).Argues that survey research is research that takes a sample from one population and uses questionnaires and tests as the main data collection tools(Singarimbun, 2007).This research was conducted for 1 month, from 28 November to 28 December 2018.The research locations were in Kota Pariaman, namely Pasir Sunur Village, Marunggi Village and Manggung Village.The population in this study were all people living along the coast of Kota Pariaman as many as 1,117 people.The research sample was taken by proportional random sampling with a proportion of 10% so that the sample totaled 117 people.The data in this study were obtained by means of a questionnaire.The data obtained in the field were then analyzed using the scoring method, namely by scoring each of the assessed vulnerability parameters and then describing each result.The analysis technique used in this study is a percentage to determine the level of vulnerability of the community in the coastal area of Pariaman in the face of an earthquake.
Figure 1.Education Influences Vulnerability Level Source: Primary Data Processing (2018)

Table 1 .
Education Affects Vulnerability Level

Table 2 .
Genre Affects Vulnerability Level

Table 3 .
Age Affects Vulnerability Level

Table 4 .
Marital Status Affects Vulnerability Level

Table 5 .
Livelihoods Affect Vulnerability Levels

Table 8 .
Shows that infrastructure factors influence the level of vulnerability of the community.After analyzing the measurement results can be categorized as moderate with respondents who answered as many as 63 people (53.8%).For more details, see Figure8.